Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

PanicMain Groups of Non-Mammalian Synapsids

  Therapsida -families  

 

After Carroll, 1988 and Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 1999 (from Modesto & Rubidge, 2000)

<==o Therapsida Broom, 1905 (nisäkäsmäiset synapsidit, mammal-like reptiles)
   |?- †Biarmosuchidae [paraphyletic Biarmosuchia]
   |?- †Niaftasuchidae Ivakhnenko, 1990 [paraphyletic Biarmosuchia]
   |?- †Ictidorhinidae [paraphyletic Biarmosuchia]
   |?- †Hipposauridae [paraphyletic Biarmosuchia]
   |?- †Burnetiidae Broom, 1923 [paraphyletic Biarmosuchia]
   |?-o †Phthinosuchia Romer, 1961
   |  `-- †Phthinosuchidae Efremov, 1954 [incl. Phthinosauridae]
   `--+--o †Eotitanosuchia Boonstra, 1963
      |  `-- Eotitanosuchidae Tchudinov, 1960
      `--o Eutherapsida
         |--o †Dinocephalia Seeley, 1895 (terror-heads; kauhukalloiset)
         |  |?- †Estemmenosuchidae Tchudinov, 1960
         |  |--o †Anteosauria
         |  |  |?- †Stenocybidae
         |  |  `--o †Brithopodidae Efremov, 1954 sensu lato
         |  |     |-- †Brithopodidae Efremov, 1954
         |  |     |-- †Deuterosauridae
         |  |     `-- †Anteosauridae Boonstra, 1954 [incl. Syodontidae Ivakhnenko, 1994]
         |  `--o †Tapinocephalia
         |     |-- †Styracocephalidae
         |     `--+-- †Titanosuchidae
         |        `-- †Tapinocephalidae Gregory, 1926
         `--o Neotherapsida
            |--o †Gorgonopsia Seeley, 1895 (sabretooth-therapsids; sapelihampaiset)
            |  |?- †Ictidorhinidae
            |  `--+?- †Hipposauridae
            |     |?- †Burnetiidae
            |     `-- †Gorgonopsidae
            `--+-- †ANOMODONTIA Owen, 1859 (dicynodonts and relatives; anomodontit, kaksikeilahampaiset)
               `-- Theriodontia ["all therapsids closer to mammals than dicynodonts"]

Reference(s):

Battail, B. & Surkov, M. V., 2000: Mammal-like reptiles from Russia. 86-119
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, xxxix-696

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carrol, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698

Conrad, J., 2000: Therapsida.
–iNet: Jack Conrad's Vertebrate Pages: http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/1636/synapsida/therapsida.html

Grine, F. E., 1997: Dinocephalians are not anomodonts.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #1, pp. 177-183

Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Biarmosuchia.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Biarmosuchia.html

Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Biarmosuchidae.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Biarmosuchidae.html

Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Eotitanosuchidae
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Eotitanosuchidae.html

Kazlev, M. A., 2000: Phthinosuchidae.
–iNet: The Kheper Site: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/therapsida/Phthinosuchidae.html

Laurin, M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997-1998: Synapsida - Mammals and their extinct relatives.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/synapsida.html

Laurin , M. & Reisz, R. R., 1997: Autapomorphies of the main clades of synapsids.
–iNet: The Tree of Life: http://tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/synapsidlichen/synapsidasynapomorphies.html

Modesto, S. & Rubidge, B. S., 2000: A basal anomodont therapsid from the Lower Baufort Group, Upper Permian of South Africa.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vo. 20, #3, pp. 515-521

Rubidge, B. S. & Sidor, C. A., 2002: On the cranial morphology of the basal therapsids Burnetia and Proburnetia (Therapsida: Burnetiidae).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 257-267

 

Special thanks to:

Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species of these animals.

 

© Mikko Haaramo,

/ Last updated 2003-07-31 / http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/mhaaramo