After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002, and Byrne et al. 2016
Genera only,
<==o Atelidae Gray, 1825 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [incl. Cebidae] (kierteishäntäapinat) |--o Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831 [ Cebidae; incl. Saimirinae Miller, 1912, Nyctipithecinae, Aotinae Elliot, 1913, Callicebinae Thomas, 1903] (kapusiiniapinat) | |?- †Chilecebus carrascoensis Flynn et al., 1995 | |?- †Insulacebus toussaintiana Cooke, Rosenberger & Turvey, 2011 | |?- †Patasola magdalenae Kay & Meldrum, 1997 | |--o Cebini Bonaparte, 1831 [incl. Saimirinae Miller, 1912, Nyctipithecinae, Aotinae Elliot, 1913, and Callicebinae] | | |-- †Antillothrix bernensis (Rímoli, 1977) MacPhee et al., 1995[“Saimiri” bernensis Rímoli, 1977] | | `--+-- †Laventiana annectens Rosenberger et al., 1991 | | `--+-- Saimiri Voigt, 1831 [†Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951] (saimirit) | | `--+-- †Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951 | | `--+-- Cebus (kapusiiniapinat) | | `-- Aotus Illiger, 1811 (yöapinat) | `--+-- †Tremacebus harringtoni (Rusconi, 1933) Hershkovitz, 1974 [Tremacebini] | `--+-- †Lagonimico conclutatus Kay, 1994 [Lagonimiconini] | `?- Callicebini Thomas, 1903 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [= Homunculini sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002] (titit) `--o Atelidae sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 |--o Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 (uakarit) | |?-o Homunculini sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 [Callicebini] (titit) | | |?- †Xenothrix mcgregori (Anthony, 1919) Williams & Koopman, 1952 [Xenotrichinae] (Jamaican monkey) | | |-- †Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1894 | | |-- †Carlocebus Fleagle, 1990 | | |?- †Paralouatta Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 | | `?==o Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (titit; titi's) | | |-- Cheracebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016 | | `--+-- Callicebus Thomas, 1903 sensu stricto (titit; titi's) | | `-- Plecturocebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016 | `--o Pitheciini Mivart, 1865 sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 [Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (uakarit) | |-- †Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987 | |-- †Proteropithecia neuquenensis Kay et al., 1999 | `--+-- †Cebupithecia sermientoi Stirton & Savage, 1951 | |?- †Nuciraptor rubricae Meldrum & Kay, 1997 | `--+-- †Mohanamico hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al., 1986 | `--+-- Pithecia Desmarest, 1820 (sakit) | `--+-- Chiropotes Lesson, 1840? | `-- Cacajao lesson, 1840 (uakarit) `--o Atelinae [Alouattinae] (hämähäkkiapinat) |--o Atelini Gray, 1821 (Spider monkeys; hämähäkkiapinat) | |-- Ateles É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806 [Atelina Gray, 1821] | `--o Lagotichina Gary, 1825 | |-- †Caipora bambuiorum Cartell & Hartwig, 1996 | `--+-- Brachyteles arachnoides Spix, 1823 (muriki) | `-- Lagothrix É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 (villa-apinat) `--o Alouattini (mölyapinat) [Synonyms] |?- †Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund, 1838 `--+?- †Paralouatta veronai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 [see Callicebini!] `--+-- †Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970 `-- Alouatta (mölyapinat)
with species
<==o Atelidae Gray, 1825 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [incl. Cebidae] (kierteishäntäapinat) |--o Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831 [ Cebidae; incl. Saimirinae Miller, 1912, Nyctipithecinae, Aotinae Elliot, 1913, Callicebinae Thomas, 1903] (kapusiiniapinat) | |?- †Chilecebus carrascoensis Flynn et al., 1995 | |?- †Insulacebus toussaintiana Cooke, Rosenberger & Turvey, 2011 | |?- †Patasola magdalenae Kay & Meldrum, 1997 | |--o Cebini Bonaparte, 1831 [incl. Saimirinae Miller, 1912, Nyctipithecinae, Aotinae Elliot, 1913, and Callicebinae] | | |-- †Antillothrix bernensis (Rímoli, 1977) MacPhee et al., 1995 [“Saimiri” bernensis Rímoli, 1977] (Hispaniolan monkey) | | `--+-- †Laventiana annectens Rosenberger et al., 1991 | | `--+--o Saimiri Voigt, 1831 [†Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951] (saimirit) | | | |-- †S. fieldsi (Stirton, 1951) [Neosaimiri fieldsi Stirton, 1951] | | | |-- S. boliviensis (bolivian squirrel monkey) | | | |-- S. vanzolinii (black squirrel monkey) | | | |-- S. sciureus (oravasaimiri) | | | |-- S. ustus (naked-eared squirrel monkey) | | | `--o S. oerstedii (panamansaimiri) | | | |-- S. o. oerstedii () | | | `-- S. o. citrinellus () | | `--+-- †Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951 | | `--+--o Cebus (kapusiiniapinat) | | | |?- C. kaapori (kaapori Capuchin) | | | |-- C. olivaceus (itkijäkapusiiniapina) | | | |-- C. capucinus (kapusiiniapina) | | | |-- C. albifrons (valkootsakapusiiniapina) | | | `--o C. apella (töyhtökapusiiniapina) | | | |-- C. a. apella ()? | | | |-- C. a. xanthosternus ()? | | | `-- C. a. robustus ()? | | `--o Aotus Illiger, 1811 (yöapinat) | | |-- †A. dindensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1987 | | |?- A. hershkovitzi (hershkovitz's Night Monkey) | | |--o A. lemurinus -group (gray-necked night monkeys) | | | |-- A. lemurinus (lemurine Night Monkey) | | | |-- A. brumbacki (brumback's Night Monkey) | | | |--o A. trivirgatus (kolmijuovayöapina, durukuli) | | | | |-- A. t. trivirgatus ()? | | | | `-- A. t. bipunctatus ()? | | | `-- A. vociferans (spix's night monkey) | | `--o A. azarae -group ((red-necked night monkeys) | | |-- A. miconax (thomas's Night Monkey) | | |-- A. nigriceps (blackheaded Night Monkey) | | |-- A. nancymai (nancy Ma's Night Monkey) | | |-- A. infulatus (kuhl's Night Monkey) | | `-- A. azarae (azara's Night Monkey) | `--+-- †Tremacebus harringtoni (Rusconi, 1933) Hershkovitz, 1974 [Tremacebini] | `--+-- †Lagonimico conclutatus Kay, 1994 [Lagonimiconini] | `?- Callicebini Thomas, 1903 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 [= Homunculini sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002] (titit) `--o Atelidae sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 |--o Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 (uakarit) | |?-o Homunculini sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 [Callicebini; incl. Xenotrichinae] (titit) | | |?- †Xenothrix mcgregori (Anthony, 1919) Williams & Koopman, 1952 [Xenotrichinae] (Jamaican monkey) | | |-- †Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino, 1894 | | |--o †Carlocebus Fleagle, 1990 | | | |-- †C. carmenensis Fleagle, 1990 | | | `-- †C. intermedius Fleagle, 1990 | | |?-o †Paralouatta Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 | | | |-- †P. veronai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 | | | `-- †P. marianae | | `==o Callicebus Thomas, 1903 [incl.? Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (in partim); Cheracebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016; Plecturocebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016] (titit; titi's) | | |--o Cheracebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016 | | | |-- C. lucifer (Thomas, 1914) [Callicebus lucifer Thomas, 1914] (Lucifer titi) | | | |-- C. lugens (Humboldt, 1811) [Simia lugens A. von Humboldt, 1811; Saguinus vidua Lesson, 1840] (Black titi; widow monkey) | | | |-- C. medemi (Hershkovitz, 1963) [Callicebus torquatus medemi Hershkovitz, 1963] (Colombian black-handed titi) | | | |-- C. purinus (Thomas, 1927) [Callicebus purinus Thomas, 1927] (Rio Purus titi) | | | |-- C. regulus (Thomas, 1914) [Callicebus regulus Thomas, 1914] (Red-headed titi) | | | `-- C. torquatus (Hoffmannsegg, 1807) [Callitrix [sic] torquatus Hoffmansegg, 1807] (Collared titi; kaulustiti) | | `--+--o Callicebus Thomas, 1903 sensu stricto? | | | |?- C. barbarabrownae Hershkovitz, 1990 [Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz, 1990] (Barbara Brown's titi) | | | |?- C. melanochir (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) [Callithrix melanochir Wied-Neuwied, 1820] (Coastal black-handed titi) | | | |-- C. nigrifrons (Spix, 1823) [Callithrix nigrifrons Spix, 1823] (Black-fronted titi) | | | `--+-- C. coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999 (Coimbra Filho's titi) | | | `--o C. personatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) [Simia personata É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812] (Atlantic titi; naamiotiti) | | | |-- C. p. personatus () | | | `-- C. p. brunello () | | `--o Plecturocebus Byrne, Rylands, Carneiro, Lynch Alfaro, Bertuol, da Silva, Messias, Groves, Mittermeier, Farias, Hrbek, Schneider, Sampaio & Boubli, 2016 | | |--o P. donacophilus -group | | | |-- P. donacophilus (D'Orbigny, 1836) [Callithrix donacophilus D'Orbigny, 1836] (White-eared titi) | | | |-- P. pallescens (Thomas, 1907) [Callicebus pallescens Thomas, 1907] (White-coated titi) | | | |-- P. oenanthe (Thomas, 1924) [Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924] (Rio Mayo titi) | | | |-- P. olallae(Lönnberg, 1939) [Callicebus olallae Lönnberg, 1939] (Ollala brothers's titi) | | | |-- P. modestus (Lönnberg, 1939) [Callicebus modestus Lönnberg, 1939] (Rio Beni titi) | | | `-- P. urubambensis (Vermeer & Tello-Alvorado, 2015) [Callicebus urubambensis Vermeer & Tello-Alvorado, 2015] (Urubamba brown titi) | | `--o P. moloch -group | | |?- P. vieirai (Gualda-Barros, Nascimento & Amaral, 2012) [Callicebus vieirai Gualda-Barros, Nascimento & Amaral, 2012] (Vieira's titi) | | |?- P. baptista (Lönnberg, 1939) [Callicebus baptista Lönnberg, 1939] (Baptista Lake titi) | | |?- P. discolor (I Geoffroy Saint Hilaire & Deville, 1848) [Callithrix discolor I Geoffroy Saint Hilaire & Deville, 1848] (White-tailed titi) | | |?- P. ornatus (Gray, 1866) [Callithrix ornata Gray, 1866] (Ornate titi) | | |?- P. caquetensis (Defler, Bueno & Garcia, 2010) [Callicebus caquetensis Defler, Bueno & García, 2010] (Caquetá titi) | | |?- P. aureipalatii (Wallace, Gómez, AM Felton & A Felton, 2006) [Callicebus aureipalatii Wallace, Gómez, AM Felton & A Felton, 2006] (Madidi titi) | | |?- P. toppini (Thomas, 1914) [Callicebus toppini Thomas, 1914] (Toppin's titi) | | |?- P. caligatus (Wagner, 1842) [Callithrix caligata Wagner, 1842] (Chestnut-bellied titi) | | |?- P. stephennashi (MGM van Roosmalen, T van Roosmalen & Mittermeier, 2002) [Callicebus stephennashi MGM van Roosmalen, T van Roosmalen & Mittermeier, 2002] (Stephen Nash's titi) | | |-- P. hoffmannsi (Thomas, 1908) [Callicebus hoffmannsi Thomas, 1908] (Hoffmanns's titi) | | `--+--+-- P. cupreus (Spix, 1823) [Callithrix cuprea Spix, 1823] (Coppery titi) | | | `--+-- P. brunneus (Wagner, 1842) [Callithrix brunea Wagner, 1842] (Brown titi) | | | `--+-- P. caligatus (Chestnut-bellied titi) | | | `-- P. dubius (Hershkovitz, 1988) [Callicebus dubius Hershkovitz, 1988] (Hershkovitz's titi) | | `--+--+-- P. cinerascens (Spix, 1823) [Callithrix cinerascens Spix, 1823] (Ashy black titi) | | | `-- P. miltoni (Dalponte, Silva & Silva-Júnior, 2014) [Plecturocebus miltoni Dalponte, Silva & Silva-Júnior, 2014, nomen nudum?] (Milton's titi) | | `--+-- P. bernhardi (MGM van Roosmalen, T van Roosmalen & Mittermeier, 2002) [Callicebus bernhardi MGM van Roosmalen, T van Roosmalen & Mittermeier, 2002] (Prince Bernhard's titi) | | `-- P. moloch (Hoffmannsegg, 1807) [Cebus moloch Hoffmannsegg, 1807] (Red-bellied titi; tummatiti) | `--o Pitheciini Mivart, 1865 sensu Fleagle & Tejedor, 2002 [Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (uakarit) | |--o †Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987 | | |-- †S. ameghinorum Fleagle et al., 1987 | | `-- †S. adriane Fleagle, 1990 | |-- †Proteropithecia neuquenensis Kay et al., 1999 | `--+-- †Cebupithecia sermientoi Stirton & Savage, 1951 | |?- †Nuciraptor rubricae Meldrum & Kay, 1997 | `--+-- †Mohanamico hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al., 1986 | `--+--o Pithecia Desmarest, 1820 sensu Marsh, 2014 (Saki's; sakit) | | |-- P. aequatorialis (Hershkovitz, 1987) (Equatorial saki) | | |-- P. albicans (Gray, 1860) (White-footed saki or buffy saki; mustaselkäsaki) | | |-- P. cazuzai Marsh, 2014 (Cazuza's saki) | | |-- P. chrysocephala (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850) Marsh, 2014 (Golden-faced saki) | | |-- P. hirsuta (Spix, 1823) (Hairy saki) | | |-- P. inusta (Spix, 1823) (Burnished saki) | | |-- P. irrorata (Gray, 1842) (Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki) | | |-- P. isabela Marsh, 2014 (Isabel's saki) | | |-- P. monachus (É Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) (Monk saki; munkkisaki+mustapartasaki) | | |-- P. milleri (J. A. Allen, 1914) Marsh, 2014 (Miller's saki) | | |-- P. mittermeieri Marsh, 2014 (Mittermeier's Tapajós saki) | | |-- P. napensis (Lönnberg, 1938) Marsh, 2014 (Napo saki) | | |-- P. pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766) (White-faced saki; valkopääsaki) | | |-- P. pissinattii Marsh, 2014 (Pissinatti's bald-faced saki) | | |-- P. rylandsi Marsh, 2014 (Rylands' bald-faced saki) | | `-- P. vanzolinii (Hershkovitz, 1987) Marsh, 2014 (Vanzolini's bald-faced saki) | `--+--o Chiropotes Lesson, 1840 (bearded saki's; partasakit) | | |-- C. chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811) (Red-backed bearded saki) | | |-- C. israelita Spix, 1823 (Brown-backed bearded saki) | | |-- C. utahicki Hershkovitz, 1985 (Uta Hick's bearded saki) | | |-- C. albinasus (I Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Deville, 1848) (White-nosed saki; valkonenäpartasaki) | | `-- C. satanas (Hoffmannsegg, 1807) (Black bearded saki; pirunapina) | `--o Cacajao Lesson, 1840 (uakarit) | |--o C. melanocephalus -group | | |--o C. melanocephalus (Humboldt, 1811) [Simia melanocephala Humboldt, 1811; Brachyurus ouakary Spix, 1823; Ouakaria spixii Gray, 1849] (Golden-brown uakari; mustanaamauakari; cacajao) | | | |-- C. m. melanocephalus (Humboldt, 1811) | | | `-- C. m. ouakary (Spix, 1823) [Brachyurus ouakary Spix, 1823] | | |-- C. hosomi Boubli, da Silva, Amado, Hrbek, Pontual & Farias, 2008 (Neblina Uakari) | | `-- C. ayresi Boubli, da Silva, Amado, Hrbek, Pontual & Farias, 2008 (Aracá Uakari) | `--o C. calvus -group | `--o C. calvus (I Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1847) (Bald uakari; kalju-uakari, uakari) | |-- C. c. calvus (White bald-headed uakari) | |-- C. c. ucayalii (Ucayali bald-headed uakari) | |-- C. c. rubicundus (Red bald-headed uakari) | `-- C. c. novaesi (Novae's bald-headed uakari) `--o Atelinae [Alouattinae] (hämähäkkiapinat) |--o Atelini Gray, 1821 (Spider monkeys; hämähäkkiapinat) | |--o Atelina Gray, 1821 | | `--o Ateles É Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806 | | |?- A. chamek (mustahämähäkkiapina) | | |?- A. marginatus (pitkäkarvahämähäkkiapina) | | |-- A. paniscus (mustahämähäkkiapina, koata) [A. chamek??] | | |--o A. fusciceps (ruskopäähämähäkkiapina) | | | `-- A. f. fusciceps | | |--o A. belzebuth (pitkäkarvahämähäkkiapina) | | | |-- A. b. belzebuth | | | `-- A. b. hybridus | | `--o A. geoffroyi (geoffroynhämähäkkiapina) | | |-- A. g. frontatus | | |-- A. g. geoffroyi | | |-- A. g. panamensis | | `-- A. g. azurensis | `--o Lagotichina Gary, 1825 | |-- †Caipora bambuiorum Cartell & Hartwig, 1996 | `--+-- Brachyteles arachnoides Spix, 1823 (muriki) | `--o Lagothrix É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 (villa-apinat) | |-- L. flavicauda (hendeenvilla-apina) | `--o L. lagotricha (harmaavilla-apina, humboldtinvilla-apina) | |-- L. l. lagotricha | |-- L. l. cana | |-- L. l. lugens | `-- L. l. poeppigii `--o Alouattini (mölyapinat) [Synonyms] |?- †Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund, 1838 `--+?- †Paralouatta veronai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991 [see Callicebini!] `--+--o †Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970 | |-- †S. tatacoensis (Stirton, 1951) | `-- †S. victoriae Kay et al., 1987 `--o Alouatta (mölyapinat) |-- ?A. coibensis (coiba Island Howler Monkey) |-- ?A. sara (bolivian Howler Monkey) |-- A. caraya (mustamölyapina) |-- A. palliata (tummamölyapina) |-- A. pigra (vaippamölyapina) |-- A. seniculus (punamölyapina) |-- A. belzebul (punakäsimölyapina) `--o A. fusca (ruskomölyapina) |-- A. f. clamitans ()? `-- A. f. fusca ()?
Reference(s):
- Boubli, J. P., da Silva, M. N. F., Amado, M. V., Hrbek, T., Pontual, F. B. & Farias, I. P. J. I. J. o. P., 2008: A Taxonomic Reassessment of Cacajao melanocephalus Humboldt (1811), with the Description of Two New Species.
–International Journal of Primatology: Vol. 29, #3, pp. 723-741 [doi: 10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7] - Byrne, H., Rylands, A. B., Carneiro, J. C., Alfaro, J. W. L., Bertuol, F., da Silva, M. N. F., Messias, M., Groves, C. P., Mittermeier, R. A., Farias, I., Hrbek, T., Schneider, H., Sampaio, I. & Boubli, J. P. J. F. i. Z., 2016: Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence.
–Frontiers in Zoology: Vol. 13, #1, Art.nr. 13:10, pp. 1-25 [doi: 10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4] - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Cooke, S. B., Rosenberger, A. L. & Turvey, S., 2011: An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates.
Vol. 108, #7, pp. 2699-2704 [doi: 10.1073/pnas.1009161108] - Fleagle, J. G. & Tejedor, M. F., 2002: Early platyrrhines of southern South America. 161-173.
in Hartwig, W. C., (eds.) 2002: The Primate Fossil Record.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2002, xiv-530 - Marsh, L. K., 2014: A Taxonomic Revision of the Saki Monkeys, Pithecia Desmarest, 1804.
–Neotropical Primates: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 1-165 [doi: 10.1896/044.021.0101] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Woods, R., Turvey, S. T., Brace, S., MacPhee, R. D. E. & Barnes, I., 2018: Ancient DNA of the extinct Jamaican monkey Xenothrix reveals extreme insular change within a morphologically conservative radiation.
–Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: in press [doi: 10.1073/pnas.1808603115]