Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Hominidae – African Great Apes

Alternative phylogeny of Hominidae

<==o Hominidae Gray, 1825 (African great apes; afrikan ihmisapinat)
   |--o Gorillinae
   |  |?- †Chororapithecus abyssinicus Suwa, Kono, Katoh, Asfaw & Beyene, 2007; U.Mioc. EAf.
   |  `--o Gorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1852 (gorillas; gorillat)
   |     |--o G. gorilla (Savage, 1847) (western gorilla; länsiafrikangorilla)
   |     |  |-- G. g. gorilla (Savage, 1847) (Western lowland gorilla)
   |     |  `-- G. g. diehli Matschie, 1904 (Cross River gorilla)
   |     `--o G. beringei Matschie, 1903 (eastern gorilla; itäafrikangorilla)
   |        |-- G. b. graueri (Matschie, 1914) (Eastern lowland gorilla; itäinen tasankomaagorilla)
   |        `-- G. b. beringei Matschie, 1903 (Mountain gorilla; vuorigorilla)
   `--+--o Pan Oken, 1816; M.Pleist. EAf., R. CAf. EAf. WAf. [Paninae] (simpanssit)
      |  |-- †P. sp. [KNM-TH 45519, 45520, 45521] [McBrearty & Jablonski, 2005]
      |  |-- P. paniscus Schwarz, 1929 (bonobo, kääpiösimpanssi)
      |  `--o P. troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 (chimpanzee; simpanssi, tavallinen simpanssi)
      |     |--+-- P. t. troglodytes (keskiafrikansimpanssi)
      |     |  `-- P. t. schweinfurthii [sp.=>P. schweinfurthii?] (itäafrikansimpanssi)
      |     `--+-- P. t. vellerosus (deltasimpanssi, nigeriansimpanssi)
      |        `-- P. t. verus (länsiafrikansimpanssi)
      `--o Homininae Gray, 1825 (“pystyssä kävelevät ihmiset”)
         |?- †Sahelanthropus tchadensis Brunet, et al. 2002 [“Toumaï”]
         |?- †Orrorin tugenensis Senut et al., 2001 [“Baringo hominid”]
         |--o †Ardipithecus ramidus White et al., 1995
         |  |-- †A. r. ramidus White et al., 1995
         |  `-- †A. r. kadabba Haile-Selassie, 2001
         `--+--o †“Australopithecini” (etelänapinat) [paraphyletic??]
            |  |--o †Australopithecus Dart, R.A., 1925 (etelänapinat)
            |  |  |?- †A. anamensis Leakey et al., 1995
            |  |  `--+-- †A. afarensis Johanson et al., 1978 [“Lucy”] (afarinetelänapina)
            |  |     |?- †A. deyiremeda Haile-Selassie, Gibert, Melillo, Ryan, Alene, Deino, Levin, Scott & Saylor, 2015
            |  |     `--+?- †A. bahrelghazali Brunet et al. 1995 [“Abel”]
            |  |        |?- †A. garhi Asfaw et al., 1999
            |  |        |-- †A. africanus Dart, 1925 [A. africaensis] (afrikanetelänapina)
            |  |        `-- †A. sediba Berger, de Ruiter, Churchill, Schmid, Carlson, Dirks & Kibii, 2010 (kapinetelänapina)
            |  `--o †Paranthropus Broom, 1938 (pähkinänsärkijät; nut crackers)
            |     |-- †P. aethiopicus (Arambourg & Coppens, 1968)
            |     `--+-- †P. robustus (Broom, 1938) [P. crassidens (Broom, 1949)]
            |        `-- †P. boisei (Leakey, 1959)
            `--o “Hominini” Gray, 1825 (ihmiset; humans)
               |?- †Kenyanthropus platyops Leakey, Spoor, Brown, Gathogo, Kiarie, Leakey & McDougall, 2001
               `--o Homo Linnaeus, 1758 [Pithecanthropus Dubois, 1894; Sinanthropus] (human, man; ihminen)
                  |-- †H. habilis Leakey, Tobias & Napier, 1964 (käteväihminen)
                  |?- †H. rudolfensis (Alexeev, 1986) (“rudolfjärvenihminen”) [a local variation of H. habilis?]
                  `--+?- †H. ergester Groves & Mazák, 1975 [early H. erectus sensu Asfaw et al., 2002]
                     `--+-- †H. erectus (Dubois, 1892) (pystyihminen)
                        |?- †H. floresiensis Brown, Sutikna, Morwood, Soejono, Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo & Rokus Awe Due, 2004 (Flores Man; floresinihminen)
                        `--o Homo sapiens -species group
                           |?- †H. antecessor Bermudez de Castro, Arsuaga, Carbonell, Rosas, Martinez & Mosquera, 1997
                           `--+?-+-- †H. heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 (heidelberg man; heidelberginihminen)
                              |  `-- †H. neanderthalensis King, 1864 (neanderthal man; neanderthalinihminen)
                              `--o H. sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 sensu lato
                                 |--+-- †H. rhodesiensis Woodward, 1921 (rhodesian man; rhodesianihminen)
                                 |  `-- †H. cepranensis Mallegni, Carnieri, Bisconti, Tartarelli, Ricci, Biddittu & Serge, 2003 (Ceprano man; cepranonihminen)
                                 `-- H. sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (modern man; nykyihminen)

Alternative phylogenies of Hominidae

<==o Hominidae
   |--o Gorillinae
   |  |?- †Chororapithecus
   |  `-- Gorilla
   `--+-- Pan
      `--o Homininae
         |?- †Sahelanthropus
         |?- †Orrorin
         `--+-- †Ardipithecus kadabba
            `--+-- †Ardipithecus ramidus
               `--+-- †Australopithecus anamensis
                  |?- †Kenyanthropus platyops
                  `--+-- †Australopithecus afarensis
                     `--+--+--+?- †Australopithecus bahrelghazali
                        |  |  |?- †Australopithecus garhi
                        |  |  |-- †Australopithecus africanus
                        |  |  `-- †Australopithecus sediba
                        |  `--o †Paranthropus
                        |     |-- †P. aethiopicus
                        |     `--+-- †P. robustus
                        |        `-- †P. boisei
                        `--o Homo
                           |-- †H. habilis
                           |?- †H. rudolfensis
                           `--+?- †H. ergester
                              `--+-- †H. erectus
                                 `--o Homo sapiens -speciesgroup
                                    |?- †H. antecessor
                                    |?-+-- †H. heidelbergensis
                                    |  `-- †H. neanderthalensis
                                    `--+?- †H. rhodesiensis
                                       |?- †H. cepranensis
                                       `-- H. sapiens

--+-- †Australopithecus afarensis
  |-- †Australopithecus garhi
  `--+--o †Paranthropus
     |  |-- †P. aethiopicus
     |  `--+-- †P. robustus
     |     `-- †P. boisei
     `--+-- †Australopithecus africanus
        `--+-- STW 53
           `--+-- †Australopithecus sediba
              `--+--+-- †Homo habilis
                 |  `-- †Homo rudolfensis
                 `--+-- SK 847
                    `-- †Homo erectus

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