After Evander, 1989, Hulbert, 1989, Prothero & Shubin, 1989 and Froehlich, 2002
<==o Equinae Gray, 1821 [non Leidy, 1869, Steinmann & Döderlein, 1890] (true horses; varsinaiset hevoset) |--o †Kalobatippus Osborn, 1915 [Kalibatibbus] | |-- †K. agatensis | `-- †K. praestans `--+--o †Archaeohippus Gidley, 1906 | |-- †A. penultimus (Matthew, 1924) | |-- †A. blackbergi (Hay, 1924) [A. minutalis] | |-- †A. ultimus (Cope, 1886) | |-- †A. mourningi (Merriam, 1913) | `-- †A. mannulus O'Sullivan, 2003 `--o †“Parahippus” Leidy, 1858 [paraphyletic] |?- †“Parahippus” pristinus |-- †“Parahippus” pawniensis |-- †“Parahippus” leonensis `--o †“Merychippus” Leidy, 1857 [paraphyletic] |-- †“Merychippus” gunteri `--+-- †“Merychippus” primus `--+-- †Hippotheriini Bonaparte, 1850 [Hipparionini Quinn, 1955] (hipparions; Hipparion-hevoset) `--o Equini Gray, 1921 [non Gidley, 1907] sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997 (true horses; varsinaiset hevoset) |--+-- †“Merychippus” intermontanus | `-- †Protohippini Gidley, 1907 `--+-- †“Merychippus” stylodontus `--+-- †“Merychippus” carrizoensis `-- Equini Gray, 1921 [non Gidley, 1907] (horses; varsinaiset hevoset)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Evander, R. L., 1989: Phylogeny of the family Equidae. 109-127.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537 - Froehlich, D. J., 2002: Quo vadis eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 134, #2, pp. 141-256 - Gazin, C. L., 1976: Mammalian faunal zones of the Bridger Middle Eocene. –Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 26, pp. iv-25
- Hulbert Jr., R. C., 1989: Phylogenetic interrelationships and evolution of North American Late Neogene Equidae. 176-196.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - O'Sullivan, J. A., 2003: A new species of Archaeohippus (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Arikareean of central Florida.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 877-885 - Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M. (eds.) 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press., New York. 1989. - Prothero, D. R. & Shubin, N. H., 1989: The evolution of Oligocene horses. 142-175.
in Prothero, D. R. & Schoch, R. M., (eds.) 1989: The evolution of perissodactyls.
–Oxford University Press, New York, New York & Oxford, England, 1989, ix-537