After Giannini & Simmons, 2003, and Giannini, Cunha Almeida, Simmons & DeSalle, 2006
<==o Megachiroptera (suurlepakot) `--o Pteropodidae (hedelmälepakot) |-- †Archaeopteropus transiens Meschinelli, 1903 [Archaeopteropodinae] `--+-- †Propotto leakeyi Simpson, 1967 [Propottinae] `--o Pteropodidae sensu Giannini & Simmons, 2003 [recent Pteropodids] |?- Plerotes [Plerotini Bergmans, 1997] [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] |?-o Scotonycterini Bergmans, 1997 [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |-- Scotonycteris | `-- Casinycteris |-- Melanonycteris `--+--o Nyctimeninae Miller, 1907 | |-- Paranyctimene | `-- Nyctimene `--+--+-- Eiolodon | `-- Pteralopex `--+--+-- Acerodon | `-- Pteropus `--+--+-- Notopteris | `--+-- Harpyionycterinae Miller, 1907 | `--+--+-- Macroglossus | | `-- Syconycteris | `--o Cynopterinae Andersen, 1912 | |?- Ptenochirus [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Dyacopterus [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Sphaerias [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Penthetor [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Latidens [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Alionycteris [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Otopteropus [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Haplonycteris [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |--+-- Cynopterus | | `--+-- Megaerops | | `-- Ptenochirus | `--+-- Thoopterus | |-- Chironax | |-- Aethalops | `-- Balionycteris `--+--+-- Eonycteris | `--+-- Stenonycteris | `-- Rousettus `--+--o Epomophorini Gray, 1821 | |?- Hypsignathus [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |?- Nanonycteris [not treated by Giannini & Simmons, 2003] | |-- Epomops | `--+-- Epomophorus | `-- Micropteropus `--o Myonycterini Lawrence & Novick, 1963 |-- Megaloglossus `--+-- Lissonycteris `-- Myonycteris
Reference(s):
- Butler, P. C., 1978: Insectivora and Chiroptera. 56-68
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals, 1.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Giannini, N. P., Cunha Almeida, F., Simmons, N. B. & DeSalle, R., 2006: Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic harpy fruit bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).
–American Museum Novitates: #3533, pp. 1-12 - Giannini, N. P. & Simmons, N. B., 2003: A phylogeny of megachiropteran bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) based on direct optimization analysis of one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes.
–Cladistics: Vol. 19, pp. 496-511 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629