After (partly) Nowak, 1979, 1991, and McKenna & Bell, 1997
Canis Linnaeus, 1758
Neocyon Gray, 1868
Mamcanisus Herrera, 1899
†Cubacyon Arredondo & Varona, 1974
†Indocyon Arredondo, 1981
?Including:
Alopsis Rafinesque, 1815
Lupus Okem , 1816
Chaon C. Hamilton Smith, 1839
Including:
Thos Oken, 1816
Vulpicanis de Blainville, 1837
Lyciscus C. Hamilton Smith, 1839
Sacalius C. Hamilton Smith, 1839
Oxygous Hodgson, 1841
Lupulus Gervais, 1855
†Gynotherium Studiati, 1857
Simenia Gray, 1868
Dieba Gray, 1869
†macrocyon Ameghino, 1881
Lupulella Hilzheimer, 1906
Schaeffia Hilzheimer, 1906
Alopedon Hilzheimer, 1906
†Stereocyon Mercerat, 1917
†Aenocyon Merriam, 1918
†Megacyon von Koenigswald, 1940
Oreocyon Krumbiegel, 1949
Dasycyon Krumbiegel, 1953
†Canis sp.1 [South Turkwel Hominid site, Kenya] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2000]
†Canis africanus
†Canis atrox
†Canis condoni; Plio. NA.
†Canis terblanchei
†Canis davisii Merriam, 1911; Plio. NA.
†Canis cipio
†Canis michauxi
†Canis falconeri
†Canis petenyi
†Canis arnensis
†Canis chihliensis
†Canis kuruksaensis
†Canis lepophagus Johnston, 1938; U. Pleist. NA.
†Canis cedazoensis Mooser & Dalquest; 1975; U. Pleist. NA.
Canis latrans Say in James, 1823 (coyote; kojootti) U. Pleist. R. NA.
Canis latrans Say in James, 1823
†Canis andersoni Merriam, 1910
Canis caneloensis Skinner, 1942
†Canis irvingtonensis Savage, 1951
Canis latrans cagottis (Hamilton-Smith, 1839)
Lyciscus cagottis Hamilton-Smith, 1839
=? Lyciscus latrans (Say) Hamilton-Smith, 1839
Canis latrans colatus Hall, 1934
Canis latrans clepticus
Canis clepticus Elliot, 1903
incl.? †Canis andersoni Merriam, 1910
Canis latrans dickeyi Nelson, 1932 (Panama coyote; panamankojootti)
Canis latrans frustror Woodhouse, 1850
Canis frustror Woodhouse, 1850
Canis latrans goldmani Merriam, 1904
Canis goldmani Merriam, 1904
†Canis latrans harriscrooki Slaughter, 1961
Canis latrans hondurensis Goldman, 1936
Canis hondurensis Goldman, 1936
Canis latrans impavidus Allen, 1903
Canis impavidus Allen, 1903
†Canis latrans irvingtonensis Savage, 1951
Canis latrans incolatus (Alaska coyote; alaskankojootti)
Canis latrans jamesi Townsend, 1912
Canis jamesi Townsend, 1912
Canis latrans latrans Say in James, 1823
Canis latrans pallidus Merriam
Canis latrans nebracensis Merriam
Canis latrans lestes Merriam, 1897
Canis lestes Merriam, 1897
incl.? Canis microdon Merriam, 1897
Canis latrans mearnsi Merriam, 1897
Canis mearnsi Merriam, 1897
Canis estor Merriam, 1897
Canis latrans microdon Merriam, 1897
Canis microdon Merriam, 1897 [synon. to Canis latrans lestes Merriam, 1897?]
Canis latrans ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829
Canis ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829
†Canis latrans orcutti Merriam, 1910
†Canis orcutti Merriam, 1910
Canis latrans peninsulae Merriam, 1897
Canis peninsulae Merriam, 1897
†Canis latrans riviveronis Hay, 1917 (floridankojootti; Florida coyote); Pleist. NA.
†Canis riviveronis Hay, 1917
Canis latrans texensis Bailey, 1905
Canis latrans thamnos Jackson, 1949
Canis latrans umpquensis Jackson, 1949
Canis latrans vigilis
Canis vigilis Merriam, 1897
Canis latrans “var” (New England coyote; uudenenglanninkojootti)
†Canis lycanoides
†Canis apolloniensis
†Canis variabilis
†Canis khomenkoi
†Canis brevirostris
†Canis etruscus (etruskisusi); L. Pleist. Eu.
†Canis arnenis L. Pleist. SEu.
=? Canis priscolatrans Cope, 1899
†Canis edvardii Gazin, 1942; Pleist. NA.
Canis lupus baileyi Hoffmeister & Goodpaster, 1954
Canis rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851 (red wolf; punasusi) [hybridspecies; Canis latrans X Canis lupus?]
Lupus niger Bartram, 1791 (nomen nudum)
Canis lupus var. Rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851
Canis niger Harper, 1942
Canis rufus Hall, 1965
Canis rufus rufus Audubon & Bachman, 1851
†Canis rufus priscolatrans Cope, 1899
†Canis priscolatrans Cope, 1899
†Canis rufus gregoryi Goldman, 1937
†Canis rufus floridanus Miller, 1912
†Canis floridanus Miller, 1912
†Canis armbrusteri Gidley, 1913; Pleist. NA.
†Canis dirus Leidy, 1858 (direwolf); Pleist. NA.
Canis primaevus Leidy, 1854 (nomen nudum?)
Canis dirus Leidy, 1858
Canis indianensis Leidy, 1869
Canis mississippiensis Leidy, 1876
Canis lupus Linnaeus; Cope & Wortham, 1884
Canis dirus Leidy; Merriam, 1912
Canis ayersi Sellards, 1916
Aenocyon dirus (Leidy); Merriam, 1918
Aenocyon ayersi (Sellards); Merriam, 1918
Canis (Aenocyon) ayersi Sellards; Simpson, 1929
Canis (Aenocyon) dirus Leidy; Stock, 1946
Canis ayersi Sellards; Weigel, 1962
Canis dirus Leidy; Kurtén & Anderson, 1972
Canis dirus Leidy; Martin, 1974
Canis dirus Leidy; Nowak, 1979
Canis simensis Ruppell, 1835 (Abyssinian wolf; simeninsakaali)
Canis adustus Sundevall, 1846 (side-stiped jackal; juovasakaali)
Canis mesomelas Schreber, 1778 (black-backed jackal; vaippasakaali)
Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 (golden jackal; sakaali, kultasakaali)
Thos vulgaris Oken, 1816
Canis lupaster Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832
?Canis lupus deitanus
† Canis mosbachensis; M. Pleist. Eu.
Canis lupus mosbachensis]
Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic dog; koira) [polyphyletic?!]
Canis petrolei Stock, 1938
Canis familiaris dingo Blumenbach, 1780 (dingo)
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 (wolf; susi); Pleist. R. Eu. As. NAf. NA.
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758
†Canis milleri Merriam, 1912
†Aenocyon milleri (Merriam, 1912) Merriam, 1918
Canis lupus lupus Linnaeus, 1758
Canis lupus flavus Kerr
Canis lupus niger Hermann
Canis lupus communis Dwigubski
Canis lupus orientalis (Wagner, 1841)
Lupus orientalis Wagner, 1841
Canis lupus major Ogérien
Canis lupus minor Ogérien
Canis lupus deitanus Cabrera
Canis lupus signatus Cabrera (Spain)
Canis lupus lycaon Trouessart (non Schreber)
Canis lupus altaicus (Noak, 1911)
Lupus altaicus Noak(?), 1911
Canis lupus italicus Altobello (Italia)
Canis lupus kurjak Bolkay
Canis lupus albus Kerr, 1792 (East Siberian wolf; itä-siperian susi)
Canis Lupus-Albus Sabine, in Franklin, 1823 [non albus Kerr, 1792]
Canis lupus turuchanensis Ognev
Canis lupus dybowskii Domaniewski
Canis lupus campestris Dwigubski, 1804 (Central Asian wolf; arosusi)
Canis lupus desertorum Bogdanov
Canis lupus cubanensis Ognev
Canis lupus arabs Pocock, 1934 (Arabian wolf; arabiansusi)
Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831 (Indian wolf; intiansusi)
Canis pallipes Sykes, 1831
Canis lupus chanco Gray, 1863 (Chinese wolf; kiinansusi) ==> domesticated dog??
Canis chanco Gray, 1863
Lupus laniger Hodgson, 1847
Canis niger Sclater, 1874 [non niger Kerr, 1792]
Lupus filchneri Matschie, 1908
Lupus karanorensis Matschie, 1908
lupus tschiliensis Matschie, 1908
†Canis lupus hadophilax Temminck, 1839 (Japanese wolf; japaninsusi)
Canis hadophilax Temminck, 1839
Canis hodopylax (sic) Temminck
Canis lupus japonicus Nehring
Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931 (Hokkaido wolf; hokkaidonsusi)
Canis lupus rex Pocock
Canis lupus alces Goldman, 1941
Canis lupus arctos Pocock, 1935 (arctic isles wolf; arktistensaartensusi
Canis lupus baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 (non Hoffmeister & Goodpaster, 1954) (Mexican wolf; meksikonsusi)
Canis lupus beothucus G.M. Allen & Barbour, 1937 (newfoundlandinsusi)
Canis lupus bernardi Anderson, 1943
Canis lupus columbianus Goldman, 1941 (British Columbia wolf; brittiläisenkolumbiansusi)
Canis lupus crassodon Hall, 1932 (Vancover Isle wolf; Vancoversaaren susi)
Canis lupus fuscus Richardson, in Beechey, 1839 (Cascaid wolf; kaskadiensusi
Canis lupus gigas Townsend
Canis lupus hudsonicus Goldman, 1941 (hudsoninlahdensusi)
Canis lupus griseoalbus Baird, 1858 (Saskatshewaninsusi)
Canis Lupus-Griseus Sabine, in Franklin, 1823 [non Griseus Boddaert, 1794]
Canis lupus knightii Anderson
Canis lupus irremotus Goldman, 1937 (Montana wolf; montanansusi)
Canis lupus labradorius Goldman, 1937 (Labrator wolf; labradorinsusi)
Canis lupus ligoni Goldman, 1937 (Panhandle wolf; rannikkovuortensusi)
Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775 (Timber wolf; metsäsusi)
Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775
Canis lupus canadensis Blainville
Canis lupus ungavensis Comeau
Canis lupus mackenzii Anderson, 1943 (mackentsinsusi)
Canis lupus manningi Anderson, 1943 (ellesmerenmaansusi
Canis lupus mogollonensis Goldman, 1937 (New Mexico wolf; uudenmeksikonsusi)
Canis lupus monstrabilis Goldman, 1937 (Texas wolf; teksasinsusi)
Canis lupus nubilus Say, in Long, 1823 (Great Plains wolf; puhvelisusi)
Canis nubilus Say, in Long, 1823
Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied, 1841
Canis lupus occidentalis Richardson, 1829 (koilliskalliovuortensusi)
Canis lupus sticte Richardson
Canis lupus ater Richardson
†Canis lupus furlongi Merriam, 1910
†Canis occidentalis furlongi Merriam, 1910
†Canis milleri Merriam, 1912
†Aenocyon milleri (Merriam) Merriam, 1918]
Canis lupus orion Pocock, 1935 (grönlanninsusi; greenland wolf)
Canis lupus pambasileus Elliot, 1905 (eteläalaskansusi)
Canis pambasileus Elliot, 1905
Canis lupus tundrarum Miller, 1912 (Tundra wolf; tundrasusi, pohjoisalaskansusi)
Canis tundrarum Miller, 1912
Canis lupus youngi Goldman, 1937 (Great Basin wolf)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Harrison, J. A., 1983: The Carnivora of the Edson Local Fauna (Late Hemphilillian), Kansas.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 54, pp. iv-42 - McKenna, M. Canis & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level. –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.
- Mech, L. D., 1974: Canis lupus.
–Mammalian species: #37, pp. 1-6 - Nowak, R. M., 1979: North American Quaternary Canis
–Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas: #6, pp. 1-154 - Nowak, R. M., 1999: Walker's Mammals of the World (6th edition); Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1999, li-836-lxx - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Viranta, S. & Fortelius, M., 2000: Personal correspondence.
- Werdelin, L. & Lewis, M. E., 2000: Carnivora from the South Turkwel hominid site, northern Kenya.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #6, pp. 1173-1180