After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with Recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Palaeotragini Pilgrim, 1911 [Palaeotraginae, incl. Samotheriinae] (okapis; alkukiraffit) |--o †Paleotragina Pilgrim, 1911 | |?-o ?†Palaeogiraffa Bonis & Bouvrain, 2003 | | |-- †P. macedonia (Geraads, 1989) [?Decennatherium macedoniae Geraads, 1989] | | |-- †P. pamiri (Ozansoy, 1965) [Samotherium pamiri Ozansoy, 1965] | | `-- †P. major Bonis & Bouvrain, 2003 | |-- †Praepalaeotragus | |--o †Palaeotragus Gaudry, 1861 [Achtiaria Borissiak, 1914] | | |-- †P. primaevus Churcher, 1970 | | `-- †P. germaini Arambourg, 1959 | |--o †Samotherium Forsyth Major, 1888 [Alcicephalus Rodler & wiethofer, 1890; Chersenotherium Alexajew, 1916, Shansitherium Killgus, 1922] | | |-- †S. boissieri | | `-- †S. africanum Churcher, 1970 | |--o †Giraffokeryx Pilgrim, 1910 | | `-- †G. punjabiensis Pilgrim, 1910 | |-- †Sogdianotherium | `-- †Macedonitherium `--o Okapiina [Okapiinae] (okapis; okapit) |-- †Csakvarotherium |?- †“Okapia” stillei Dietrich, 1941 `-- Okapia johnstoni Lankester, 1901 (okapi)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Churcher, C. S., 1978: Giraffidae. 509-535.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Geraads, D., Kaya, T. & Mayda, S., 2005: Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #3, pp. 523-544 - Hamilton, W. R., 1978: Cervidae and Palaeomerycidae. 495-508.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Morales, J., Soria, D. & Pickford, M., 1999: New stem giraffoid ruminants from the early and middle Miocene of Namibia.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 229-253 [from abstract] - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Pickford, M., Attia, Y. S. & Abd El Ghany, M. S., 2001: Discovery of Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg, 1961 (Artiodactyla, Climacoceratidae) in Egypt.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 647-652 - Tchernov, E., Ginsburg, L., Tassy, P. & Goldsmith, N. F., 1987: Miocene mammals of the Negev (Israel).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #3, pp. 284-310