After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with Recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Giraffidae Gray, 1821 (kirahvit) |?- ?†Triceromeryx [Hispanocervus] |?- †Injanatherium |?- †Propalaeomeryx [Progiraffa] |--o †Sivatheriinae Zittel, 1893 (sivateerit; sivatheres | |-- †Helladotherium duvernoyi Gaudry, 1860 [Panotherium] | |-- †Karsimatherium | |-- †Vishnutherium | |-- †Decennatherium | |-- †Birgerbohlinia | |-- †Bramatherium | |-- †Hydaspitherium | `--o †Sivatherium Falconer & Cautley, 1832 [taxonomic history] | |-- †S. maurusium (Pomel, 1892) [taxonomic history] | `-- †S. giganteum `--o Giraffinae (varsinaiset kirahvit) |-- Palaeotragini Pilgrim, 1911 [Palaeotraginae, incl. Samotheriinae] (alkukiraffit) `-- Giraffini Gray, 1893 [non Zittel, 1893] (aitokirahvit)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Churcher, C. S., 1978: Giraffidae. 509-535.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Geraads, D., Kaya, T. & Mayda, S., 2005: Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #3, pp. 523-544 - Hamilton, W. R., 1978: Cervidae and Palaeomerycidae. 495-508.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Morales, J., Soria, D. & Pickford, M., 1999: New stem giraffoid ruminants from the early and middle Miocene of Namibia.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 21, #2, pp. 229-253 [from abstract] - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991. xii-643-1629. - Pickford, M., Attia, Y. S. & Abd El Ghany, M. S., 2001: Discovery of Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg, 1961 (Artiodactyla, Climacoceratidae) in Egypt.
–Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 647-652 - Tchernov, E., Ginsburg, L., Tassy, P. & Goldsmith, N. F., 1987: Miocene mammals of the Negev (Israel).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #3, pp. 284-310