Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Cladotheria – cladotheres

After Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001 and Luo, Kielan-Jaworowska & Cifelli, 2002

Alternative phylogeny after McKenna & Bell, 1997

Alternative phylogeny after Wang, Clemens, Hu & Li, 1998

Alternative phylogeny after Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012

<==o Cladotheria McKenna, 1975 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001
   |?- †Butlerigale Kühne, 1968 [possibly pathological Dryolestes leiriensis]
   |--o †Dryolestoidea Butler, 1939 [Dryolestiformes Kinman, 1994; incl. Pantotheria, Marsh, 1880]
   |  `--o †Dryolestida Prothero, 1981
   |     |-- †Dryolestidae Marsh, 1879 [Dryolestida sensu stricto (Rougier, Wible, Beck & Apesteguía, 2012)]
   |     `--+-- †Paurodontidae Marsh, 1887 [non Paurodontidae Thorne, 1941, a nematode-family (Dykes, 2001)]
   |        `-- †Meridiolestida Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano, 2011
   `--o Zatheria McKenna, 1975
      |?- †Arguimus khosbajari Dashzeveg, 1979 [Arguitherium cromptoni  Dashzeveg, 1994] [Arguimuridae Dashzeveg, 1979, incl. Arguitheriidae Dashzeveg, 1994]
      |?-o †Nanolestes T Martin, 2002
      |  |-- †N. drescherae T. Martin, 2002
      |  `-- †N. krusati T Martin, 2002
      |?- †Minimus richardfoxi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999
      |?- †Magnimus ensomi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999
      |?- †Afriquiamus nessovi Sigogneau-Russell, 1999
      |-- †Vincelestes neuquenianus Bonaparte, 1986 [Vincelestidae Bonaparte, 1986]
      `--+-- Boreosphenida Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001
         `--+--o †Amphitheriidae Owen, 1846 [Amphitheriida Prothero, 1981]
            |  |?- †Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976 [Palaeoxonodon freemani Sigogneau-Russell, 2003; Kennetheridium leesi Sigogneau-Russell, 2003]
            |  `--o †Amphitherium de Blainville, 1838 [taxonomic history]
            |     |-- †A. rixoni Butler & Clemens, 2001
            |     `-- †A. prevostii de Blainville, 1838 [Amphitherium oweni Osborn 1888; Amphitylus oweni Osborn, 1888]
            `--o †Peramuridae Kretzoi, 1946 [non 1960?] [Peramura McKenna, 1975]
               |?- †Afriquiamus nessovi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999
               |?- †Kiyatherium cardiodens Maschenko, Lopatin & Voronkevich, 2002
               |?- †Magnimus ensomi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999
               |?- †Minimus richardfoxi Sigogneaue-Russell, 1999
               |?- †Tendagurutherium dietrichi Heinrich, 1998
               |-- †Peramus tenuirostris Owen, 1871 [Leptocladus Owen, 1871]
               `--+?- †Palaeoxonodon ooliticus Freeman, 1976 [Palaeoxonodon freemani Sigogneau-Russell, 2003; Kennetheridium leesi Sigogneau-Russell, 2003] [treated as Amphitheriid by Close et al., 2016]
                  `--+-- †Abelodon abeli (Brunet, Coppens, Dejax, Flynn, Heintz, Hell, Jacops, Jehenne, Mouchelin, Pilbeam & Sudre, 1990) Brunet, 1991
                     `-- †Pocamus pepelu Canudo & Cuenca-Besc´s, 1996

<==o Cladotheria
   |?- †Butlerigale
   |?-o †Ausktribosphenidae
   |  |?- †Bishops
   |  `-- †Ausktribosphenos
   |--o †Dryolestoidea
   |  |-- †Dryolestida
   |  `--o †Amphitheriida
   |     `--o †Amphitheriidae
   |        `-- †Amphitherium
   `--o Zatheria
      |?- †Arguitherium
      |?- †Arguimus
      |?- †Nanolestes
      |?- †Vincelestes
      |-- †Peramura
      `-- Tribosphenida

<==o Cladotheria
   |?- †Butlerigale
   |--o †Dryolestoidea
   |  `-- †Dryolestida
   `--o Amphitheriida
      |-- †Amphitherium
      `--o Zatheria
         |?- †Arguitherium
         |?- †Arguimus
         |?- †Nanolestes
         |?- †Vincelestes
         |-- †Peramura
         `-- Tribosphenida

<==o Cladotheria
   |-- †Dryolestidae
   `--+-- †Paurodontidae
      `--+-- †Meridiolestida
         `-- Boreosphenida

Reference(s):

• Butler, P. M. & Clemens, W. A., 2001: Dental morphology of the Jurassic holotherian mammal Amphitherium, with a discussion of the evolution of mammalian post-canine dental formulae.
  –Paleontology: Vol. 44, #1, pp. 1-20
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
  in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
  –W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698
• Close, R. A., Davis, B. M., Walsh, S., Wolniewicz, A. S., Friedman, M. & Benson, R. B. J., 2016: A lower jaw of Palaeoxonodon from the Middle Jurassic of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, sheds new light on the diversity of British stem therians.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 59, #1, pp. 155-169 [doi: 10.1111/pala.12218]
• Dykes, T., 2001: "Basal" Cladotheria and Peramuridae.
  –iNet: Mesozoic mammals – an internet directory: http://home.arcor.de/ktdykes/cladoth.htm (discontinued)
• Heinrich, W.-D., 1998: Late Jurassic Mammals from Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa.
  –Journal of Mammalian Evolution: Vol. 5, #4, pp. 269-290 [doi: 10.1023/A:1020548010203]
• Lopatin, A. &: Averianov, A., 2006: Revision of a pretribosphenic mammal Arguimus from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia.
  –Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 51, #2, pp. 339-349
• Luo, Z.-X., Cifelli, R. L. & Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., 2001: Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals.
  –Nature: Vol. 409, 4 January, pp. 53-57
• Luo, Z.-X., Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. & Cifelli, R. L., 2002: In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals.
  –Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #1, pp. 1-78
• Martin, T., 2002: New stem-lineage representatives of Zatheria (Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 332-348
• McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
  –Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
• Rich, T. H. V., Flannery, T. F., Trusler, P., Kool, L., van Klaveren, N. A. & Vickers-Rich, P., 2002: Evidence that monotremes and ausktribosphenids are not sistergroups.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #2, pp. 466-469
• Sigogneau-Russell, D., 1999: Réévaluation des Peramura (Mammalia, Cladotheria) sur la base de nouveaux spécimens du Crétacé inférieur d'Angleterre et du Maroc.
  [Reevaluation of Peramura (Mammalia, Cladotheria) based on new specimens from Lower Cretaceous of United Kingdom and Marocco]
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 21, #1, pp. 93-127
• Wang, Y., Clemens, W. M., Hu, Y. & Li, C., 1998: A probable pseudo-tribosphenic upper molar from the Late Jurassic of China and the early radiation of the Holotheria.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 18, #4, pp. 777-787