After Creisler, 1999-2001, O'Keefe, 2001, Gasparini, Bardet, Martin & Fernández, 2003, and Kear, 2005
<==o †Elasmosauridae Cope, 1869 sensu O'Keefe, 2001 |?- †Aristonectes parvidens Cabrera, 1941 sensu Gasparini et al., 2003 [see taxonomic notes of Aristonectes] [is a Artistonectid? (O'Keefe, 2001; O'Keefe & Street, 2009)] |?- †Futabasaurus suzukii Sato, Hasegawa & Manabe, 2006 |?- †Woolungasaurus glendowerensis Persson, 1960 [nomen dubium Kear, 2005] |?- †Fresnosaurus drescheri Welles, 1943 |?- †Mauisaurus haasti Hector, 1874; U.Cret, NZ. |?- †Aphrosaurus furlongi Welles, 1943 |?- †Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae Welles, 1943 |?- †Hydralmosaurus serpentinus (Cope, 1877) Welles, 1943 [Styxosaurus browni Welles, 1952] |?- †Thalassomedon hanningtoni Welles, 1943 [Alzadasaurus riggsi Weller, 1943; Ogmodirus Williston & Moodie, 1913 [nomen dubium]] |?- †Zarafasaura oceanis Vincent, Bardet, Pereda Suberbiola, Bouya, Amaghzaz & Meslouh, 2011 |?- †Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope, 1868 [look for rather funny description in Creisler, 1999-2001] `--+-- †Brancasaurus brancai Wegner, 1914 `--+?-+-- †Tuarangisaurus keyesi Wiffen & Moisley, 1986; U.Cret, NZ. | `--+-- †Eromangasaurus carinognathus Kear, 2005; L.Cret. Aust. [Woolungasaurus cf. W. glendowerensis Persson, 1982; Elasmosauridae gen. et sp. nov.; Thulborn & Turner, 1993; Elasmosauridae gen. et sp. nov.; Kear, 2003; Tuarangisaurus sp. nov.; Sachs, 2004] | `-- †Terminonatator ponteixensis Sato, 2003 `--+-- †Callawayasaurus columbiensis (Welles, 1962) Carpenter, 1999 [“Alzadasaurus” columbiensis Welles, 1962] `--+-- †Libonectes morgani (Welles, 1949) Carpenter, 1997 `-- †Styxosaurus snowii (Williston, 1890) Welles, 1943 [taxonomic history]
Elasmosauridae incertae sedis:
†“Elasmosaurus” amalitskii
†Orophosaurus
†Woolungasaurus glendowerensis Persson, 1960 [nomen dubium Kear, 2005]
†Ogmodirus
†Piptomerus
†Branacasaurus [=? Brancasaurus??]
†Goniosaurus
After Ketchum & Benson, 2010 (fig. 6)
<==o †Elasmosauridae
|-- †Styxosaurus
`--+-- †Thalassomedon
`--+--+-- †Callawayasaurus
| `--+-- †Eromangasaurus
| `-- †Aristonectes
`--+-- †Hydrotherosaurus
`--+-- †Terminonatator
|-- †Libonectes
`-- †Elasmosaurus
Reference(s):
|
After Vincent, Bardet, Pereda Suberbiola, Bouya, Amaghzaz & Meslouh, 2011:
<==o †Elasmosauridae
|-- †Microcleidus
`--+-- †Callawayasaurus
`--+--+-- †Thalassomedon
| `--+-- †Hydralmosaurus
| `-- †Styxosaurus
`--+-- †Hydrotherosaurus
`--+-- †Terminonatator
`--+-- †Libonectes
|-- †Futabasaurus
`-- †Zarafasaura
Reference(s):
|
Reference(s):
- Creisler, B., 1999-2001: Plesiosauria translation and pronunciation guide.
–iNet: Dinosauria.com: http://www.dinosauria.com/dml/names/ples.html - Carpenter, K., 1997: Comperative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. 191-216
in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
–Academic Press, San Diego, 1997 - Everhart, M., 2000: Something about Plesiosaurs.
–iNet: WWW.OceansofKansas.com: http://www.oceansofkansas.com/plesio2.html - Everhart, M., 2000: Something about Pliosaurs.
–iNet: WWW.OceansofKansas.com: http://www.oceansofkansas.com/pliosaur.html - Gasparini, Z., Bardet, N., Martin, J. E. & Fernández, M. S., 2003: The elasmosaurid plesiosaur Aristonectes Cabreta from the Latest Cretaceous of South America and Antarctica.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #1, pp. 104-115 - Hiller, N., Mannering, A. A., Jones, C. M. & Cruickshank, A. R. I., 2005: The nature of Mauisaurus haasti Hector, 1874 (Reptilia: Plesiosauria).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 588-601 - Kazlev, M. A., 1999: Eretmosaurus.
–iNet: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/sauropterygia/Eretmosaurus.html - Kazlev, M. A., 1999: Family Elasmosauridae.
–iNet: http://www.kheper.auz.com/gaia/biosphere/vertebrates/sauropterygia/Elasmosauridae.htm - Kear, B. P., 2005: A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland, Australia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #4, pp. 792-805 - O'Keefe, F. R., 2001: A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia).
–Acta Zoologica Fennica: Vol. #213, pp. 1-63 - Ketchum, H. F. & Benson, R. B. J., 2010: Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses.
–Biological Reviews: Vol. 85, #2, pp. 361-392 [doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x] - Rieppel, O. C., 1997: Part II: Sauropterygia – Introduction. 107-119
in Callaway, J. M. & Nicholls, E. L., (eds.) 1997: Ancient Marine Reptiles. xivi-501
–Academic Press, San Diego, 1997 - Sato, T., 2003: Terminonatator ponteixensis, a new elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Saskatchewan.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #1, pp. 89-103 - Sato, T., Hasegawa, M. & Manabe, M., 2006: A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 49, #3, pp. 467-484 [doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00554.x] - Sato, T. & Storrs, G. W., 2000: An early polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #5, pp. 907-914 - Storrs, G. W., Arkhangel'skii, M. S. & Efimov, V. R., 2000: Mezosoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. 187-210
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Vincent, P., Bardet, N., Pereda Suberbiola, X., Bouya, B., Amaghzaz, M. & Meslouh, S., 2011: Zarafasaura oceanis, a new elasmosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and the palaeobiogeography of latest Cretaceous plesiosaurs.
–Gondwana Research: Vol. 19, #4, pp. 1062-1073 [doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.10.005]