Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Euichthyosauria

Main Groups of Reptiles

After Motani, 1998, 1999, Nicholls & Manabe, 2001, and Fischer, Maisch, Naish, Kosma, Liston, Joger, Krüger, Pérez, Tainsh & Appleby, 2012

<==o †Euichthyosauria Motani, 1999
   |?- †Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Cao & Luo, 2000 [Cymbospondylus asiaticus Li & You, 2002; Panjiangsaurus epicharis Chen & Chang, 2003]
   |--o †Teretocnemidae Maisch & Matzke, 2000
   |  |--o †Qianichthyosaurus Li, 1999
   |  |  |-- †Q. zhoui Li, 1999
   |  |  `?- †Q. xingyiensis
   |  `--o †Teretocnemus Merriam, 1903
   |     |-- †T. californicus Merriam, 1903
   |     `-- †T. zitteli (Merriam, 1903) Motani, 1999c [Leptocheirus; Merriamia zitteli ( Merriam, 1903)]
   `--+-- †Californosaurus perrini Kuhn, 1934 [Delphinosaurus]
      `--o †Parvipelvia Motani, 1999
         |-- †Macgowania janiceps (MacGowan, 1996a) Motani, 1999 [Ichthyosaurus janiceps MacGowan, 1996a] [Macgowaniidae MacGowan & Motani, 2003]
         `--+-- †Hudsonelpidia brevirostris McGowan, 1995
            `--+-- †Suevoleviathan integer (Bronn, 1844) Maisch, 1998 [Ichthyosaurus integer Bronn, 1844; Leptopterygius integer mut. dissidens Huene, 1931; Suevoleviathan(?) integer Maisch, 1998; Suevoleviathan integer Maish, 2001; incl. “Leptopterygius” disinteger Huene, 1926; Suevoleviathan disinteger Maisch, 1998]
               `--o †Neoichthyosauria Sander, 2000
                  |?- †Dearcmhara shawcrossi Brusatte, Young, Challands, Clark, Fischer, Fraser, Liston, MacFadyen, Ross, Walsh & Wilkinson, 2015
                  |--o †Temnodontosaurus Lydekker, 1889 [Ichthyosaurus Owen 1888; Leptopteryius v. Huene, 1922]
                  |  |-- †T. platyodon (Conybeare, 1822) [Ichthyosaurus lonchiodon Owen, 1888; incl. T. risor McGowan, 1974]
                  |  |-- †T. eurycephalus McGowan, 1974
                  |  |-- †T. burgundiae (Gaudry, 1892) McGowan, 1996a [Leptopterygius burgundiae Gaudry, 1892]
                  |  |?- †T. nuertingensis (v. Huene, 1931) [juveline]
                  |  |-- †T. trigonodon (Theodori, 1843) [Ichthyosaurus trigonodon Theodori, 1843]
                  |  |-- †T. acutirostris (Owen, 1840) [Leptopteryius acutirostris (Owen, 1840)]
                  |  `-- †T. azerguensis Martin, Fischer, Vincent & Suan, 2012
                  |--o †Eurhinosauridae [Leptopterygiidae Kuhn, 1934; Leptonectidae Maisch, 1998; Eurhinosauria Motani, 1999; ]
                  |  |--o †Leptonectes McGowan, 1996b [Leptopterygius Huene, 1922 (non Leptopterygius Troschel, 1860 (a fish))]
                  |  |  |-- †L. tenuirostris (Conybeare, 1822) McGowan, 1996b [Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris Conybeare, 1822; Leptopterygius tenuirostris (Conybeare) Huene, 1922; Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris Conybeare, McGowan, 1974; Leptopterygius tenuirostris (Conybeare), Appleby, 1979]
                  |  |  |-- †L. solei (McGowan, 1993) McGowan, 1996c [Leptopterygius solei McGowan, 1993]
                  |  |  `-- †L. moorei McGowan & Milner, 1999
                  |  `--o †Eurhinosaurus Abel, 1909 sensu Maisch & Matzke, 2000
                  |     |-- †Eurhinosaurus longirostris (Owen & Jaeger, in Jaeger, 1856) Abel, 1909
                  |     `-- †Excalibosaurus costini McGowan, 1986 [Eurhinosaurus costini (McGowan, 1986) Maisch & Matzke, 2000]
                  `--o †Thunnosauria Motani, 1999 (ichthyosaurs with tuna-like tailfin)
                     |--o †Ichthyosauridae
                     |  |-- †Malawania anachronus Fischer, Appleby, Naish, Liston, Riding, Brindley & Godefroit, 2013; E.Cret. SWAs.
                     |  `--o Ichthyosaurus de la Beche & Conybeare, 1821 [Proteosaurus; Eurypterygius] E.Jur. Eu. Gr.
                     |     |-- †I. breviceps Owen, 1881
                     |     |-- †I. conybeari Lydekker, 1888
                     |     |-- †I. anningae Lomax & Massare, 2015
                     |     |-- †I. larkini Lomax & Massare, 2017
                     |     `-- †I. somersetensis Lomax & Massare, 2017
                     `--+-- †Hauffiopteryx typicus (von Huene, 1931) Maisch, 2008 [Stenopterygius hauffianus typica von Huene, 1931]
                        `--o †Baracromia Fischer, Appleby, Naish, Liston, Riding, Brindley & Godefroit, 2013
                           |--o †Stenopterygius Jaekel, 1904, emend. von Huene, 1922 [Stenopterygidae]
                           |  |-- †S. triscissus (Quenstedt, 1856) Woodward, in von Zittel, 1932 [Ichthyosaurus triscissus]
                           |  |-- †S. promegacephalus
                           |  |-- †S. megalorhinus
                           |  |-- †S. longipes
                           |  |-- †S. uniter von Huene, 1931 [S. megalorhinus (in partim); S. cuneiceps
                           |  |-- †S. longifrons
                           |  |-- †S. acutirostris
                           |  `-- †S. quadriscissus(Quenstedt, 1856) Jaekel, 1904 [Ichthyosaurus acutirostris Wagner, 1852; S. eos; S. incessus; S. macrophasma; S. hauffianus; S. megacephalus]
                           `--+-- †Chacaicosaurus cayi Fernández, 1994
                              |-- †Stenopterygius aalensis
                              `-- †Ophthalmosauria Baur, 1887 sensu Motani, 1998

Reference(s):

• Bardet, N. & Fernandez, M., 2000: A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #3, pp. 503-511
• Brusatte, S. L., Young, M. T., Challands, T. J., Clark, N. D. L., Fischer, V., Fraser, N. C., Liston, J. J., MacFadyen, C. C. J., Ross, D. A., Walsh, S. & Wilkinson, M., 2015: Ichthyosaurs from the Jurassic of Skye, Scotland.
  –Scottish Journal of Geology: in press [doi: 10.1144/sjg2014-018]
• Fernández, M. S., 1999: a new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation (Early Bajocian), Neuquen Basin, Argentina.
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 73, #4, pp. 677-681
• Fischer, V., Appleby, R. M., Naish, D., Liston, J., Riding, J. B., Brindley, S. & Godefroit, P., 2013: A basal thunnosaurian from Iraq reveals disparate phylogenetic origins for Cretaceous ichthyosaurs.
  –Biology Letters: Vol. 9, #4, pp. [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021]
• Fischer, V., Bardet, N., Benson, R. B. J., Arkhangelsky, M. S. & Friedman, M., 2016: Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility.
  –Nat Commun: Vol. 7, #10825 [doi: 10.1038/ncomms10825]
• Fischer, V., Maisch, M. W., Naish, D., Kosma, R., Liston, J., Joger, U., Krüger, F. J., Pérez, J. P., Tainsh, J. & Appleby, R. M., 2012: New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary.
  –Plos One: Vol. 7, #1, pp. e29234 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029234]
• Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A., 2015: A new species of Ichthyosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of West Dorset, England, U.K.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 35, #2, Art.nr. e903260 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.903260]
• Lomax, D. R. & Massare, J. A., 2017: Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, England.
  –Papers in Palaeontology: Vol. 3, #1, pp. 1-20 [doi: 10.1002/spp2.1065]
• Lomax, D.R. & Sachs, S., 2017. On the largest Ichthyosaurus: A new specimen of Ichthyosaurus somersetensis containing an embryo.
  –Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: in press [doi: 10.4202/app.00376.2017]
• Maisch, M. W. & Matzke, A. T., 2003: The cranial osteology of the ichthyosaur Leptodectes cf. tenuirostris from the Lower Jurassic of England.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #1, pp. 116-127
• Martin, J. E., Fischer, V., Vincent, P. & Suan, G., 2012: A longirostrine Temnodontosaurus (Ichthyosauria) with comments on Early Jurassic ichthyosaur niche partitioning and disparity.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 55, #5, pp. 995-1005 [doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01159.x]
• McGowan, C., 1994: A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)from the Triassic of British Colombia: The most complete exemplar of the genus.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #2, pp. 168-179
• McGowan, C., 1995: Temnodontosaurus risor is a juvenile of T. platyodon (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria).
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 14, #4, pp. 472-479 [doi: 10.2307/4523589]
• McGowan, C., 1996a: A new and typically Jurassic ichthyosaur from the Upper Triassic of British Columbia.
  –Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 33, #1, pp. 24-32 [doi: 10.1139/e96-003]
• McGowan, C., 1996ab: The taxonomic status of Leptopterygius Huene, 1922 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria).
  –Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 33, #3, pp. 439-443 [doi: 10.1139/e96-033]
• McGowan, C., 1996c: Giant ichthyosaurs of the Early Jurassic.
  –Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: Vol. 33, #7, pp. 1011-1021 [doi: 10.1139/e96-077]
• McGowan, C., 1997: The taxonomic status of the Late Jurassic ichthyosaur Grendelius mordax: A preliminary report.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #2, pp. 428-430
• McGowan, C., 2003: A new specimen of Excalibosaurus from the English Lower Jurassic.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #4, pp. 950-956
• McGowan, C. & Milner, A. C., 1999: A new Pliensbachian ichthyosaur from Dorset, England.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 42, #5, pp. 761-768
• Motani, R., 1996: Redescription of the dental features of an Early Triassic ichthyosaur, Utatsusaurus hataii.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 16, #3, pp. 396-402
• Motani, R., 1997: Redescription of the dentition of Grippia longirostris (Ichthyosauria) with a comparison with Utatsusaurus hataii.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 17, #1, pp. 39-44
• Motani, R., 1999a: The skull and taxonomy of Mixosaurus (Ichthyopterygia).
  –Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 73, #5, pp. 924-935
• Motani, R., 1999b: On the evolution and homologies of ichthyopterygian forefins.
  –Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 28-41.
• Motani, R., 1999c: Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia.
  –Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #3, pp. 473-496.
• Motani, R., 2000: Skull of Grippia longirostris: No contradiction with a diapsid affinity for the Ichthyosauria.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 43, #1, pp. 1-14
• Motani, R., 2000: Is Omphalosaurus ichthyopterygian? - A phylogenetic perspective.
  –Journal Of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 295-301
• Motani, R., Minoura, N. & Ando, T., 1998: Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan.
  –Nature: Vol. 393, 21 May. pp. 255-257
• Motani, R. & You, H., 1998: Taxonomy and limb ontogeny of Chaohusaurus geishanensis (Ichthyosauria), with a note on the allometric equation.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #3, pp. 533-540
• Motani, R., You, H., & McGowan, C., 1996: Eel-like swimming in the earliest ichthyosaurs.
  –Nature: Vol. 382, 25 July, pp. 347-348
• Nicholls, E. L. & Manabe, M., 2001: A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Colombia: bridging the Triassic Jurassic gap.
  –Canadian Journal of Earth Sciencies: Vol. 38, #6, pp. 983-1002
• Nicholls, E. L., Wei, C. & Manabe, M., 2002: New material of Qianichthyosaurus Li, 1999 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Late Triassic of Southern China, and implications for the distribution of Triassic ichthyosaurs.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #4, pp. 759-765
• Sander, P. M., 1989: The large ichthyosaur Cymbospondylus buchseri, sp. nov., from the Middle Triassic of Monte Giorgio (Switzerland), with a survay of the genus in Europe.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, #2, pp. 163-173
• Storrs, G. W., Arkhangel'skii, M. S. & Efimov, V. R., 2000: Mezosoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. 187-210
  in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
  –Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696

 

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