After Carroll, 1988, Nelson, 1994, and Mould, 1995-1997
<==o Torpedo Houttuyn, 1764 [Narcobatus] ?Eoc. Eu. R. Oc. [Torpedininae] [13] |--o (Tetronarce) Gill, 1862 | |-- T. (T.) nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835 | |-- T. (T.) californica Ayres, 1855 | |-- T. (T.) fairchildi Hutton, 1872 | |-- T. (T.) tokionis (Tanaka, 1908) | |-- T. (T.) puelcha Lahille, 1928 | |-- T. (T.) macneilli (Whitley, 1932) | |-- T. (T.) tremens De Buen, 1959 | |-- T. (T.) peruana Chirichigno, 1963 | |-- T. (T.) microdiscus Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 | |-- T. (T.) semipelagica Parin & Kotlyar, 1985 | |-- T. (T.) sp.1 [Last & Stevens, 1993] [E Australia] | |-- T. (T.) sp.2 [Compagno & Smale] [Mozambique] | |-- T. (T.) sp.3 [Compagno] [Hawaii] `--o (Torpedo) Houttuyn, 1764 |-- T. (T.) torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) |-- T. (T.) marmorata Risso, 1810 |-- T. (T.) sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 |-- T. (T.) panthera Olfers, 1831 |-- T. (T.) fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 |-- T. (T.) polleni (Bleeker, 1865) |-- T. (T.) suessi Steindachner, 1898) |-- T. (T.) zugmayeri (Engelhardt, 1912) |-- T. (T.) mackayana Metzelaar, 1919 |-- T. (T.) andersoni Bullis, 1962 |-- T. (T.) bauchotae Cadenat, 1978 |-- T. (T.) alexandriensis Mazhar, 1982 |-- T. (T.) sp.1 [Compagno & Smale] [Comoro] |-- T. (T.) sp.2 [Compagno & Smale] [Mautitius] |-- T. (T.) sp.3 [Compagno & Smale] [Seychelles] `-- T. (T.) sp.4 [Compagno & Smale] [Kenya]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Mould, B., 1995-1997: The nomenclature and distribution of the recent Elasmobranchii.
–iNet: http://ibis.nott.ac.uk/elasmobranch.html - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600