After Mould, 1995-1997, Shirai, 1996, and Williams, G. S., 1999-2000
Alternative phylogeny of Squalea after de Carvalho, 1996
Family-level taxonomy of all squaleans
<==o Squalea Shirai, 1992 |--o Chlamydoselachiformes [Chlamydoselachoidei] | `--o Chlamydoselachidae Garman, 1884 | |?- †Thrinax baumgartneri Pfeil, 1983; U. Cret. NA. [jr. synon. Chlamydoselachus fiedleri?] [non Thrinax Linnaeus filius ex Swartz (Arecales: Arecaceae), a genus of palmtrees] | `--o Chlamydoselache Garman, 1884 [incl.? Thrinax]; U. Cret. Ant. SAf. Eoc. Eu. Mioc. Eu. NA. WInd. Plioc. Eu. R. NAtl. NPac. (kaulushait) | |-- †C. brancheri | |-- †C. fiedleri | |-- †C. goliath | |-- †C. gracilis | |-- †C. keyesi | |-- †C. lawleyi | |-- †C. thomsoni | |-- †C. tobleri | |-- †C. thomsoni Richter & Ward, 1990 | |-- C. anguineus Garman, 1884 (Frilled shark; kaulushai) | `-- C. africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009 (Southern African frilled shark; kapinkaulushai) `--+--o Hexancanthiformes Buen, 1926 [Notidanoidei, Hexanchoidei] (cow sharks; monikidushait) | |--o †Crassonotidae Kriwet & Klug, 2011 [incl. Notidanidae] | | |--o †Crassodontidanus Kriwet & Klug, 2011 [Notidanus Cuvier, 1816 (in partem)] | | | |-- †C. serratus (Fraas, 1855) Kriwet & Klug, 2011 [Notidanus serratus Fraas, 1855] | | | `-- †C. wiedenrothi (Thies, 1983) Kriwet & Klug, 2011 [Hexanchus? wiedenrothi Thies, 1983] | | `--o †Notidanoides Maisey, 1986 [Aellopus Münster, 1836; Notidanus Cuvier, 1816 (in partem); Pachyhexanchus Cappetta, 1990(syn. Eonotidanus Pfeil, 1983)) L.-U. Jur. Eu. | | |-- †N. muensteri (Agassiz, 1843) [Notidanus muensteri Agassiz, 1843] [incl. Notidanus wagneri Agassiz, 1843; Notidanus huegeliae Münster, 1843, Notidanus eximius Wagner, 1862; Notidanus daviesii Woodward, 1886; Notidanus nikitiini Chabakov & Zonov, 1935; Eonotidanus muensteri Pfeil, 1983] | | `-- †N. arzoënsis (Beaumont, 1960) [†Hexanchus arzoensis (Beaumont, 1960)] | `-- Hexanchidae Gray, 1851 [incl. Notorynchidae] (monikidushait) `--o “Squalimorpha” [paraphyletic Squaliformes] (piikkihait) |?- †Oligodalatias jordani Welton, 1979 Eoc. Ant. |?- †Palaeomicroides ursulae Thies & Müller, 1993 U. Cret. CEu. |?- †Protoxynotus misburgensis Herman, 1975 U. Cret. Eu. |?- †Proetmopterus hemmooriensis Herman, 1982 U. Cret. NEu. |?- †Squalogaleus woodwardi Maisey, 1976 U. Jur. Eu. |-- †Synechodontiformes Duffin & Ward, 1993 sensu Underwood, 2002 and Williams, G. S., 1999-2000 |-- Echinorhinidae Gill, 1862 [Echinorhiniformes] (okahait; bramble sharks) `--+-- Dalatiidae [Delatiiformes] (torkkuhait) |-- Centrophoridae (gulper sharks) [2/13] [jr synon. to Squalidae?] `--+-- Squalidae (piikkihait, dogfish sharks) [3/10] `--o Hypnosqualea Carvalho & Maisey, 1996 [Squatinomorphii] |--o †Protospinacidae Woodward, 1919 sensu Underwood, 2002 [has been inclueded to Synechodontiforms by Williams, G. S. (1999-2000)] | `--o †Protospinax Woodward, 1919 [Squalogaleus Maisey, 1976, juvelines] U. Jur. Eu. | |-- †P. annectans Woodward, 1919, U. Jur. CEu. [type] | |-- †P. lochensteinensis Thies, 1983, U. Jur. CEu. | |-- †P. sp. [U. Jur. CEu.] [Thies, 1983] | `-- †P. planus Underwood, 2002, U. Jur. WEu. |-- Squatinidae Bonaparte, 1838 [Rhinidae] [Squatiniformes Buen, 1926:] (angel sharks; merienkelit) `--+-- Pristiophoridae Blecker, 1859 [Pristiophoriformes Berg, 1958] (sahahait: saw sharks) `-- Badidoidimorpha [“Rajimorpha”, Hypotremata, Batoidea, Batomorphii Cappetta, 1980] (rauskut; rays)
After Carvalho, 1996<==o Squalea |--o Chlamydoselachiformes | `--o Chlamydoselachidae | |?- †Thrinax | `-- Chlamydoselache `--+--o Hexancanthiformes Buen, 1926 [Notidanoidei; Hexanchoidei] | `-- Hexanchidae `--o “Squalimorpha” |?- †Oligodalatias |?- †Palaeomicroides |?- †Protoxynotus |?- †Proetmopterus |?- †Squalogaleus |?- †Synechodontiformes |--o Echinorhiniformes | `-- Echinorhinidae `--+-- Squaliformes `--o Hypnosqualea Shirai, 1996 [Squatinomorphii] |--o Squatiniformes | `-- Squatinidae `--+--o Pristiophoriformes | `-- Pristiophoridae `-- Badidoidimorpha |
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - de Carvalho, M. R., 1996: Higher-level elasmobranch phylogeny, basal squaleans, and paraphyly. 35-62
in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
–Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii-496 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088. - Kriwet, J. & Klug, S., 2014: Dental patterns of the stem-group hexanchoid shark, Notidanoides muensteri (Elasmobranchii, Hexanchiformes).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 34, #6, pp. 1292-1306 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.874353] - Kriwet, J. & Klug, S., 2011: A new Jurassic cow shark (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes) with comments on Jurassic hexanchiform systematics.
–Swiss Journal of Geosciences: Vol. 104, #1(suppl. to #1), pp. S107-S114 [doi: 10.1007/s00015-011-0075-z] - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Mould, B., 1995-1997: The nomenclature and distribution of the recent Elasmobranchii.
–iNet: http://ibis.nott.ac.uk/elasmobranch.html - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Shirai, S., 1996: Phylogenetic interrelationsips of neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). 9-36
in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
–Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii-496 - Underwood, C. J., 2002: Sharks, Rays and a Chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #2, pp. 297-325 - Williams, G. S., 1999: A Listing of Fossil Sharks and Rays of the World.
–iNet: Gainesville's Creek Fossils: http://www.afn.org/~afn02877/eusel.html