Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

†Spinosauroidea – spinosaurids and relatives

After Sereno et al., 1998 and Sues, Frey, Martill & Scott, 2002

Alternative phylogeny after Sereno et al., 1998, Sues, Frey, Martill & Scott, 2002, and Smith, Makovicky, Hammer & Currie, 2007

<==o †Spinosauroidea Stromer, 1915 sensu Sereno et al., 1998 (Spinosaurs; purjeselkäteropodit)
   |?- †Poekilopleuron bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1838 [taxonomic history]
   `--o †Spinosauridae Stromer, 1915 sensu Sereno et al., 1998 [incl. Baryonychidae Charig & Milner, 1986 and Irritatoridae Martill et al., 1996]
      |?- †Siamosaurus suteethorni Buffetaut & Ingavat, 1986
      |?- †Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus Buffetaut, 2011; L.Jur. EAf.
      |--o †Baryonychinae Charig & Milner, 1986 [Baryonychidae Charig & Milner, 1986]
      |  |?- †Ichthyovenator laosensis Allain, Xaisanavong, Richir & Khentavong, 2012; E.Cret. SEAs.
      |  `--+-- †Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986
      |     |?- †Cristatusaurus lapparenti Taquet & Russell, 1998 [cogeneric with Baryonyx?]
      |     `?- †Suchomimus tenerensis Sereno, Beck, Dutheil, Gado, Larsson, Lyon, Marcot, Rauhut, Sadleir, Sidor, Varricchio, Wilson & Wilson, 1998 [cogeneric with Baryonyx?]
      `--o †Spinosaurinae Stromer, 1915 sensu Sereno et al., 1998
         |-- †Irritator challengeri Martill, Cruikshank, Frey, Small & Clarke, 1996 [incl.? Angaturama limai Kellner & Campos, 1996] [Irritatoridae Martill et al., 1996]
         `--o †Spinosaurus Stromer, 1915
            |-- †S. aegypticus Stromer, 1915
            `?- †S. maroccanus Russell, 1996 [cospecific with S. aegypticus? ]

<==o †Spinosauroidea Stromer, 1915 sensu Smith, Makovicky, Hammer & Currie, 2007
   |--+-- †Afrovenator abakensi Sereno, Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil & Sues, 1994
   |  `-- †Dubreuillosaurus valesdunensis (Allain, 2002) Allain, 2005 [†Poekilopleuron? valesdunensis Allain, 2002]
   `--+--o †Torvosauridae
      |  |?- †Edmarka rex Bakker, Krails, Siegwarth & Filla, 1992 
      |  |?- †Magnosaurus nethercombensis (Huene, 1926b) [†"Megalosaurus" nethercombensis Huene, 1926b]
      |  `-- †Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen, 1979a
      `--+--+-- †Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis Walker, 1964 [Eustreptospondylidae Paul, 1988]
         |  `-- †Streptospondylus altdorfensis Meyer, 1832 [†"Lealaps" gallicus Cope, 1867; Streptospondylus cuvieri (Owen, 1842) Huene, 1932; Eustreptospondylus divesensis Walker, 1964 partim]
         `--o †Spinosauroidea Stromer, 1915 sensu Sereno et al., 1998 (Spinosaurs; purjeselkäteropodit)
            |?- †Poekilopleuron
            `--o †Spinosauridae
               |?- †Siamosaurus
               |--o †Baryonychinae
               |  |-- †Baryonyx
               |  |?- †Cristatusaurus
               |  `?- †Suchomimus
               `--o †Spinosaurinae
                  |-- †Irritator
                  `-- †Spinosaurus

<==o †Spinosauridae
    |?- †Siamosaurus
    |--o †Baryonychinae
    |  |-- †Baryonyx
    |  `-- †Suchomimus
    `--o †Spinosaurinae
       |-- †Angaturama
       |-- †Irritator
       `-- †Spinosaurus

Reference(s):

• Allain, R., 2001: Redescription de Streptospondylus altdorfensis, le dinosaure théropode de Cuvier, du Jurassique de Normandie.
  [Redescription of Streptospondylus altdorfensis, Cuvier's theropod from the Jurassic of Normandy]
  –Geodiversitas: Vol. 23, #3, pp. 349-367
• Allain, R. & Chure, D. J., 2002: Poekilopleuron bucklandii, the theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Normandy.
  –Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #6, pp. 1107-1121
• Allain, R., Xaisanavong, T., Richir, P. & Khentavong, B., 2012: The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos.
  –Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 99, #5, pp. 369-377 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-012-0911-7]
• Buffetaut, E., 2011: An early spinosaurid dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of tendaguru (Tanzania) and the evolution of the spinosaurid dentition.
  –Oryctos: Vol. 10, pp. 1-8
• Carrano, M. T., Benson, R. B. J. & Sampson, S. D., 2012: The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda).
  –Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 10, #2, pp. 211-300 [doi: 10.1080/14772019.2011.630927]
• Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C., 1986: Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur.
  –Nature: Vol. 324, 27 November, pp. 359-361
• Holtz, T. R. Jr., 1998 [preview]: Spinosaurs as crocodile mimics.
  –Science: Vol. 282, 13 November, pp. 1276-1277
• Keesey, T. M., 1996-2000: Tetanurae – Three-fingered meat-eaters.
  –iNet: The Dinosauricon: http://dinosauricon.com/taxa/tetanurae.html
• Novas, F. E. 1996: Dinosaur monophyly.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: vol. 16, #4, pp. 723-741
• Molnar, R., E., 1990: Problematic Theropoda: "Carnosaurs". 306-317
  in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (eds.), 1990: The Dinosauria.
  –University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, Oxford, 1990 xvi-733
• Molnar, R. E., Kurzanov, S. M., & Dong, Z., 1990: Carnosauria. 169-209
  in Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., & Osmólska, H. (eds.), 1990: The Dinosauria.
  –University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, Oxford, 1990 xvi-733
• Padian, K., Hutchinson, J. R. & Holtz, T. R. Jr., 1999: Phylogenetic defenitions and nomenclature of the major taxonomic categories of the carnivorous Dinosauria (Theropoda).
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #1, pp. 69-80
• Paul, G. S. 1988: The Predatory Dinosaurs of the World.
  –Simon and Schuster Co., New York, 1988, 464
• Dal Sasso, C., Maganuco, S., Buffetaut, E. & Mendez, M. A., 2005: New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #4, pp. 888-896
• Sereno, P. C., Beck, A. L., Dutheil, D. B., Gabo, B., Larsson, H. C. E., Lyon, G. H., Marcot, J. D., Rauhut, O. W. M., Sadleir, R. W., Sidor, C. A., Verricchio, D. J., Wilson, G. P. & Wilson, J. A., 1998: A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids.
  –Science: Vol. 282, 13 November, pp. 1298-1302
• Sues, H.-D., Frey, E., Martill, D. M. & Scott, D. M., 2002: Irritator challengeri, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil.
  –Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 22, #3, pp. 535-547