After Olson, 1985, and Feduccia, 1980, 1996
Alternative phylogeny of Neornithes after Sibley & Ahlqvist, 1990
<==o Neornithes Gadow, 1893 [Aves sensu stricto (Gauthier 1986)] (nykylinnut; modern birds) |?- †Eremopezus eocaenus Andrews, 1904 [Stromeria fajumensis Lambrecht, 1929] [Eremopezidae Rothschild, 1911 sensu Rasmussen et al., 2000] [Neornithes incertae sedis: associated with Ratitae] |?- †Proceriavis martini Harrison & Walker, 1979 |?-o †Palaeopapia Harrison & Walker, 1979b [Neornithes incertae sedis: associated with Anseriformes] | |?- †P. eous (Harrison & Walker, 1976) [Howardi eous Harrison & Walker, 1976, incl. Colymboides anglicus Lydekker, 1891, in partim] | `?- †P. hamsteadiensis Harrison & Walker, 1979b |?- †Paracycnopterus scotti Harrison & Walker, 1979b [Neornithes incertae sedis: associated with Anseriformes] |-- Paleognathia Huxley, 1867 [Palaeognathae Pygraft, 1900] (vanhaleukaiset) `-- Neognathia Huxley, 1867 [Neognathae Pygraft, 1900] (uusleukaiset)
After Sibley & Monroe, 1990<==o Neornithes |--o Eoaves [Paleognathe; Paleognathia] | |-- Galloanserae | `--o Ratitae | |--o Tinamiformes | | `-- Tinamidae | `--o Struthioniformes | |--o Struthioni | | |--o Struthionides | | | `-- Struthionidae | | `--o Rheides | | `-- Rheidae | `--o Casuarii | |-- Apterygidae | `-- Casuariidae `--o Neoaves |--o Turnicida | `--o Turniciformes | `-- Turnicidae `--+-- Picae `--+-- Coraciae `--+--o Coliae | `--o Coliiformes | `-- Coliidae `-- Passerae Reference(s):
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Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A. 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996. xii-420 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Rasmussen, D. T., Olson, S. L. & Simons, E. L., 1987: Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Quatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 62, pp. iv-20 - Rasmussen, D. T., Simons, E. L., Hertel, F. & Judd, A., 2001: Hindlimb of a giant terrestrial bird from the Upper Eocene, Fayum, Egypt.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 44, #2, pp. 325-337