After Frost et al., 2006, with species from Frost, 2000-2002 [“AMNH Amphibian species of the World”]
<==o Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858 (kultakonnat) [taxonomic history] |--o Adelophryne Hoogmoed & Lecure, 1984 | |-- A. adiastola | |-- A. baturitensis | |-- A. gutturosa | |-- A. maranguapensis | `-- A. pachydactyla |-- Atopophrynus syntomopus Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1982 |--o Barycholos Heyer, 1969 | |-- B. pulcher | `-- B. savagei |--o Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 | |-- B. ephippium (kultakonna, satulasammakko) | |-- B. nodoterga | `-- B. pernix |--o Dischidodactylus Lynch, 1979 | |-- D. colonnelloi | `-- D. duidensis |--o Craugastor Cope, 1862 [Eleutherodactylus (Craugastor)] | `--o C. biporcatus -species-group | |-- C. aphanus (Campbell, 1994) [Eleutherodactylus aphanus Campbell, 1994] | |-- C. biporcatus (W. Peters, 1863) [Strabomantis biporcatus W. Peters, 1863; Eleutherodactylus maussi auctorum (Boettger, 1893); E. cornutus Gines, 1959; Eleutherodactylus biporcatus (W. Peters, 1863)] | |-- C. gulosus (Cope, 1875) [Lithodytes gulosus Cope, 1875; Eleutherodactylus gulosus (Cope)] | |-- C. megacephalus (Cope, 1875) [Lithodytes megacephalus Cope, 1875; Eleutherodactylus biporcatus (W. Peters, 1863); Eleutherodactylus megacephalus (Cope)] | |-- C. opimus (Savage & Myers, 2002) [Eleutherodactylus biporcatus (W. Peters, 1863); Eleutherodactylus opimus Savage & Myers, 2002] | `-- E. rugosus (W. Peters, 1873) [Hylodes rugosus W. Peters, 1873; Lithodytes pelviculus Cope; Lithodytes florulentus Cope;] |-- “Eleutherodactylus” Duméril & Bibron, 1841 [Hylodes Fitzinger, 1843; Lithodytes Fitzinger, 1843; Strabomantis W. Peters, 1863] [655 sp.!!] [paraphyletic] |-- “Euhyas” Fitzinger, 1843 |--o Euparkerella Griffins, 1959 | |-- E. brasiliensis | |-- E. cochranae | |-- E. robusta | `-- E. tridactyla |-- Geobatrachus walkeri Ruthven, 1915 |--o Holoaden Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 | |-- H. bradei | `-- H. luederwaldti |--o Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 “1861” | |-- I. quixensis | |-- I. sanctaecrucis | |-- I. saxatilis | |-- I. simmonsi | `-- I. verrucosa |--o “Pelorius” Hedges, 1989 [Eleutherodactylus inoptatus -group] | `-- P. inoptatus [Eleutherodactylus inoptatus -group] |-- Phrynopus Peters, 1873 |--o Phyllonastes Heyer, 1977 | |-- P. carrascoicola | |-- P. heyeri | |-- P. lochites | |-- P. lynchi | `-- P. myrmecoides |-- Phyzelaphryne miriamae Heyer, 1977 `--o Syrrhopus Cope, 1878 [incl. Tomodactylus Günther, 1900] [ Eleutherodactylus marnockii -group] `-- S. marnockii
Reference(s):
- Frost, D. R., 2000: Amphibian species of the World: An Online Reference.
–iNet: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Herpetology: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html - Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sá, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C., 2006: The amphibian tree of life.
–Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: #297, pp. 1-370 - Savage, J. M. & Myers, C. W., 2002: Frogs of the Eleutherodactylus biporcatus Group (Leptodactylidae) of Central America and northern South America, including rediscovered, resurrected, and new taxa.
–American Museum Novitates: #3357, pp. 1-48