After Yates & Warren, 2000
Alternative phylogeny after Milner, 1994
Alternative phylogeny as Mastodonsauroidea after Damiani, 2001
<==o †Capitosauria Yates & Warren, 2000 [Mastodonsauroidea Lydekker, 1885b sensu Damiani, 2001] |?- †Benthosphenus lozovskii Shishkin, 1979 |-- †Sclerothorax hypselonotus v. Huene, 1932 [Sclerothoracidae v. Huene, 1932] |--o †Lydekkerinidae [Deltacephalidae Marya´nska & Shishkin, 1996] | |?- †Broomulus | |-- †Chomatobratrachus | |-- †Cryobatrachus | |?- †Deltacephalus | |-- †Limnoiketes | |-- †Lydekkerina | `?- †Putterillia `--o “Capitosauroidea” [Capitosauridae sensu lato] |?-o †Angusaurus Getmanov, 1989 | |-- †A. dentatus Getmanov, 1989 | |-- †A. succedaneus Getmanov, 1989 | `-- †A. tsylmensis Novikov, 1990 |?- †Bukobaja enigmatica (Otschev, 1966) |?- †Bulgosuchus gargantua (Damiani, 1999) |?-o †Cherninia Damiani, 2001 [Parotosaurus Jaekel; Parotosuchus Ochev & Shishkin;] | |-- †C. denwai (Mukherjee & Sengupta, 1998) Damiani, 2001 | `-- †C. megarhina (Chernin & Cosgriff, 1975) Damiani, 2001 |?- †Gondwanosaurus [paraphyletic Benthosuchidae] |?- †“Lyrocephalus kochi” Säve-Söderbergh, 1935 [Luzocephalus kochi] |?- †Pachygonia [paraphyletic Benthosuchidae] |?- †Parabenthosuchus [paraphyletic Benthosuchidae] |?- †Trematotegmen otschevi Getmanov, 1989 |?- †Subcyclotosaurus brookvalensis (Watson, 1958) |?- †Promastodonsaurus bellmani (Bonaparte, 1963) |?- †Komatosuchus chalyshevi (Novikov & Shishkin, 1992) |?-o †Stenotosaurus Romer, 1947 [Capitosaurus Münster; Cyclotosaurus Fraas; Procyclotosaurus Watson; Parotosuchus Ochev & Shishkin] | |-- †S. gracilis Kamphausen, 1983 | |-- †S. semiclausus (Swinton, 1927) Romer, 1947 | `-- †S. stantonensis (Woodward, 1904) Kamphausen, 1983 |?- †Vyborosaurus mirus Novikov, 1990 |?- †Yarengia perplexa Shishkin, 1960 [Yarengiidae] |?- †Negevodus ramonensis Mazin, 1986 |?- †Mastodonsaurus vaslenensis Meyer, 1855 |?- †Labyrinthodon furstenberganus Meyer, 1855 |?- †Labyrinthodon lavisi Seeley, 1876 |--+--o †Heylerosauridae Shishkin, 1980 [Eucyclotosauridae Morales & Kamphausen] | | |?- †Meyerosuchus | | |-- †Odenwaldia heidelbergensis Morales & Kamphausen, 1984 | | `--o †Eocyclotosaurus Ortlam, 1970 [Stenotosaurus Romer; Parotosaurus Jaekel; Heylerosaurus Shishkin, 1980] | | |-- †E. woschmidti Ortlam, 1970 [Stenotosaurus woschmidti (Ortlam, 1970) Heyler, 1976] | | `-- †E. lehmani (Heyler, 1969) Kamphausen & Morales, 1981 [Stenotosaurus lehmani Heyler, 1969; Parotosaurus lehmani (Heyler, 1969) Carroll & Winer, 1977; Heylerosaurus lehmani (Heyler, 1969) Shishkin, 1980] | `--o †Mastodonsauridae Lydekker, 1885b | `--o †Mastodontosaurus Jaeger, 1828 [Salamandroides Jaeger, 1828; Batrachosaurus Fitzinger, 1840; Labyrinthodon Owen, 1842a; Heptasaurus Säve-Söderbergh, 1935] | |?- †Mastodonsaurus vaslenensis Meyer, 1855 [Mastodonsauridae indet. sensu Damiani, 2001] | |-- †M. cappelensis Wepfer, 1923b [Heptasaurus cappelensis (Wepfer, 1923b) Säve-Söderbergh, 1935; Mastodonsaurus ingens Trusheim, 1937] | |-- †M. torvus Konzhukova, 1955 [M. tantus Krasilnikov & Vyushkov, 1947 nomen nudum; M. toevus Konzhukova, 1955 lapsus calami; M. maximus Ochev, 1958b] | `-- †M. keuperinus `--+--o †Benthosuchus Efremov, 1937 [paraphyletic Benthosuchidae] | |-- †B. bashkiricus Otschev, 1966 | |-- †B. bystrowi Getmanov, 1989 | |-- †B. uralensis (Otschev, 1958) | |-- †B. korobkovi Ivachnenko, 1972 | `-- †B. sushkini (Efremov, 1929) `-- †Capitosauridae sensu stricto?
Note: Taxonomy and phylogenetics of capitosaurs are in the state of flux. There has been at least three recent and conflicting phylogenetic analysis done.
Analysis presented here is "author's preferred" done by Yates & Warren (2000) However, the most recent one is Demiani's (2001).
Because of such a large and conflicting analysis', I'm unwilling to predict which phylogeny will ultimately preveil (experince has showed that one most published).
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Damiani, R. J., 2001: A systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of Triassic mastodonsauroids (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 133, #4, pp. 379-482 - Milner, A. R., 1994: Late Triassic and Jurassic amphibians: Fossil record and phylogeny. 5-23
in Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H-D. 1994: In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs.
–Cambridge University Press, New York. 1994 - Schoch, R. R., 2000: The origin and interrelationships of Triassic capitosaurid amphibians.
–Paleontology: Vol. 43, #4, pp. 705-727 - Warren, A. & Marsicano, C., 2000: A phylogeny of the Brachyopoidea (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #3, pp. 462-483 - Yates, A. M., 1999: The Lapillopsidae: A new family of small temnospondyls from the Early Triassic of Australia.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 19, #2, pp. 302-320 - Yates, A. M., 2000: A new tiny rhytidosteid (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli) from the Early Triassic of Australia and the possibility of hidden temnospondyl diversity.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #3, pp. 484-489 - Yates, A. M. & Warren, A. A., 2000: The phylogeny of the “higher” temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of Stereospondyla.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 128, pp. 77-121 - Zanon, R. T., 1991: Negevodus ramonensis Mazin, 1986, reinterpreted as a temnospondyl, not a placodont.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, #4, pp. 515-518