After Fink, 1984 [from Harold & Weitzman, 1996]

Alternative classification after Nelson, 1994 [genera only]

<==o Stomiidae (lohikäärmekalat)
   |?- †Eostomias Mioc. NA. 
   |?- Parabathophilus
   |--o Neonesthes [2]
   |  |-- N. capensis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)
   |  `-- N. microcephalus Norman, 1930
   `--+-- Astronesthes [36]
      |--o Borostomias [Diplolychnus] [6]
      |  |-- B. abyssorum (Koehler, 1896)
      |  |-- B. antarcticus (Lönnberg, 1905)
      |  |-- B. elucens (Brauer, 1906)
      |  |-- B. mononema (Regan & Trewavas, 1929)
      |  |-- B. pacificus (Imai, 1941)
      |  `-- B. panamensis Regan & Trewavas, 1929 Panama snaggletooth
      `--+--+-- Heterophotus ophistoma Regan & Trewavas, 1929
         |  `-- Rhadinesthes decimus (Zugmayer, 1911)
         `--+--o Stomiinae (lohikäärmekalat)
            |  |--o Chauliodus Mioc. NA. R. Oc. [Chauliondontini] (sapelihammaskalat) [8]
            |  |  |-- C. barbatus Garman, 1899
            |  |  |-- C. danae Regan & Trewavas, 1929 (Dana viperfish)
            |  |  |-- C. macouni Bean, 1890 (Pacific viperfish)
            |  |  |-- C. minimus Parin & Novikova, 1974
            |  |  |-- C. pammelas Alcock, 1892
            |  |  |-- C. schmidti Ege, 1948
            |  |  |-- C. sloani Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Sloane's viperfish)
            |  |  `-- C. vasnetzovi Novikova, 1972
            |  `--o Stomiini (lohikäärmekalat)
            |     |?- Macronestes
            |     `--o Stomias [N: 11] [FB: 7]
            |        |-- S. affinis Günther, 1887 (Günther's boafish)
            |        |-- S. atriventer Garman, 1899 (Black-belly dragonfish)
            |        |--o S. boa (Risso, 1810)
            |        |  |-- S. b. boa (Risso, 1810) (Scaly dragonfish)
            |        |  |-- S. b. colubrinus Garman, 1899
            |        |  |-- S. b. danae Ege, 1933
            |        |  `-- S. b. ferox Reinhardt, 1842 (Boa dragonfish)
            |        |-- S. brevibarbatus Ege, 1918
            |        |-- S. gracilis Garman, 1899
            |        |-- S. lampropeltis Gibbs, 1969
            |        |-- S. longibarbatus (Brauer, 1902)
            |        `-- S. nebulosus Alcock, 1889 (Alcock's boafish)
            `--+--+-- Chirostomias pliopterus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
               |  `-- Trigonolampa miriceps Regan & Trewavas, 1930 (Threelight dragonfish)
               `--+--+-- Flagellostomias boureei (Zugmayer, 1913)
                  |  `--+--+--o Odontostomias [2]
                  |     |  |  |-- O. masticopogon Norman, 1930
                  |     |  |  `-- O. micropogon Norman, 1930
                  |     |  `--o Opostomias [2]
                  |     |     |-- O. micripnus (Günther, 1878)
                  |     |     `-- O. mitsuii Imai, 1941 (Pitgum lanternfish)
                  |     `--+-- Thysanactis dentex Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |        `--o Leptostomias [11]
                  |           |-- L. analis Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |           |-- L. bermudensis Beebe, 1932
                  |           |-- L. bilobatus (Koefoed, 1956)
                  |           |-- L. gladiator (Zugmayer, 1911)
                  |           |-- L. gracilis Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |           |-- L. haplocaulus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |           |-- L. leptobolus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |           |-- L. longibarba Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                  |           |-- L. macronema Gilbert, 1905 (Long-threaded dragon fish)
                  |           |-- L. multifilis Imai, 1941
                  |           `-- L. robustus Imai, 1941
                  `--+--o Photonectes [Photonectoides] [12]
                     |  |-- P. achirus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     |  |-- P. albipennis (Döderlein, 1882)
                     |  |-- P. braueri (Zugmayer, 1913)
                     |  |-- P. caerulescens Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     |  |-- P. dinema Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     |  |-- P. gracilis Goode & Bean, 1896
                     |  |-- P. leucospilus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     |  |-- P. margarita (Goode & Bean, 1896)
                     |  |-- P. mirabilis Parr, 1927
                     |  |-- P. munificus Gibbs, 1968
                     |  |-- P. parvimanus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     |  `-- P. phyllopogon Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                     `--+--+-- Echiostoma barbatum Lowe, 1843 [Echistosomias]
                        |  `--o Melanostomias [12]
                        |     |-- M. bartonbeani Parr, 1927
                        |     |-- M. biseriatus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                        |     |-- M. globulifer Fowler, 1934
                        |     |-- M. macrophotus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                        |     |-- M. margaritifer Regan and Trewavas, 1930
                        |     |-- M. melanopogon Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                        |     |-- M. melanops Brauer, 1902
                        |     |-- M. niger Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924
                        |     |-- M. paucilaternatus Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978
                        |     |-- M. pollicifer Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978
                        |     |-- M. tentaculatus (Regan & Trewavas, 1930)
                        |     `-- M. valdiviae Brauer, 1902 (Valdivia black dragon fish)
                        `--+--+-- Tactostoma macropus Bolin, 1939 Longfin dragonfish
                           |  `--o Idiacanthus [Idiacanthinae] (nauhakitakalat)
                           |     |-- I. antrostomus Gilbert, 1890 (Pacific blackdragon)
                           |     |-- I. atlanticus Brauer, 1906
                           |     `-- I. fasciola Peters, 1877 (Ribbon sawtail fish)
                           `--+--o “Eustomiinae”
                              |  |-- Eustomias [Nelson: over 100 species] [FB: 60]
                              |  `--+--o Bathophilus [15]
                              |     |  |-- B. abarbatus Barnett & Gibbs, 1968
                              |     |  |-- B. altipinnis Beebe, 1933
                              |     |  |-- B. ater (Brauer, 1902)
                              |     |  |-- B. brevis Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                              |     |  |-- B. digitatus (Welsh, 1923)
                              |     |  |-- B. filifer (Garman, 1899) (Sparing)
                              |     |  |-- B. flemingi Aron & McCrery, 1958 (Highfin dragonfish)
                              |     |  |-- B. indicus (Brauer, 1902)
                              |     |  |-- B. irregularis Norman, 1930
                              |     |  |-- B. kingi Barnett & Gibbs, 1968
                              |     |  |-- B. longipinnis (Pappenheim, 1914)
                              |     |  |-- B. nigerrimus Giglioli, 1882 (Scaleless dragonfish)
                              |     |  |-- B. pawneei Parr, 1927
                              |     |  |-- B. schizochirus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                              |     |  `-- B. vaillanti (Zugmayer, 1911)
                              |     `--o Grammatostomias [3]
                              |        |-- G. circularis Morrow, 1959
                              |        |-- G. dentatus Goode & Bean, 1896
                              |        `-- G. flagellibarba Holt & Bryne, 1910
                              `--o Malacosteinae (kitakalat) [Nelson: 3 genera, 15 species]
                                 |--o Aristostomias [6]
                                 |  |-- A. grimaldii Zugmayer, 1913
                                 |  |-- A. lunifer Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                                 |  |-- A. polydactylus Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                                 |  |-- A. scintillans (Gilbert, 1915) (Shiny loosejaw)
                                 |  |-- A. tittmanni Welsh, 1923 (Loosejaw)
                                 |  `-- A. xenostoma Regan & Trewavas, 1930
                                 |-- Malacosteus niger Ayres, 1848 (Stoplight loosejaw)
                                 |-- Pachystomias microdon (Günther, 1878)
                                 `--o Photostomias [Ultimostomias] [2]
                                    |-- P. guernei Collett, 1889
                                    `-- P. mirabilis (Beebe, 1933)

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