After Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders) [N: 16/85] [FB: 14/102] |--o Ancylopsetta [4] | |-- A. cycloidea Tyler, 1959 (Cyclope flounder) | |-- A. dendritica Gilbert, 1890 (Three-spot flounder) | |-- A. dilecta (Goode & Bean, 1883) (Three-eye flounder) | `-- A. kumperae Tyler, 1959 (Foureyed flounder) |?- Cephalopsetta [not recognized by the FishBase] |-- Gastropsetta frontalis Bean, 1895 (Shrimp flounder) |--o Hippoglossina [5] | |-- H. bollmani Gilbert, 1890 (Spotted flounder) | |-- H. macrops Steindachner, 1876 (Bigeye flounder) | |-- H. montemaris de Buen, 1961 | |-- H. stomata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890 (Bigmouth flounder) | `-- H. tetrophthalma (Gilbert, 1890) (Fourspot flounder) |?- Lioglossina [not recognized by the FishBase] |-- Paralichthys [Vorator] Mioc. NA. R. Oc. [23] |-- Pseudorhombus [26] |-- Tarphops elegans Amaoka, 1969 |-- Tephrinectes sinensis (Lacépède, 1802) |-- Thysanopsetta naresi Günther, 1880 |-- Verecundum rasile Jordan, 1891 |-- Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 (Fantail flounder) `--o Cyclopsetta -group |--o Citharichthys [17] | |-- C. arctifrons Goode, 1880 (Gulf Stream flounder) | |-- C. arenaceus Evermann & Marsh, 1900 (Sand whiff) | |-- C. cornutus (Günther, 1880) (Horned whiff) | |-- C. dinoceros Goode & Bean, 1886 | |-- C. fragilis Gilbert, 1890 (Gulf sanddab) | |-- C. gilberti Jenkins & Evermann, 1889 (Bigmouth sanddab) | |-- C. gordae Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938 (Mimic sandab) | |-- C. gymnorhinus Gutherz & Blackman, 1970 (Anglefin whiff) | |-- C. macrops Dresel, 1885 (Spotted whiff | |-- C. mariajorisae van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995 | |-- C. platophrys Gilbert, 1891 (Small sandab) | |-- C. sordidus (Girard, 1854) (Pacific sanddab) | |-- C. spilopterus Günther, 1862 (Bay whiff) | |-- C. stampflii (Steindachner, 1894) (Smooth flounder) | |-- C. stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Speckled sanddab) | |-- C. valdezi Cervigón, 1986 | `-- C. xanthostigma Gilbert, 1890 (Longfin sanddab) |--o Cyclopsetta [4] | |-- C. chittendeni Bean, 1895 (Mexican flounder) | |-- C. fimbriata (Goode & Bean, 1885) (Spotfin flounder) | |-- C. panamensis (Steindachner, 1876) (God's flounder) | `-- C. querna (Jordan & Bollman, 1890) (Toothed flounder) |--o Etropus [9] | |-- E. ciadi van der Heiden & Plascencia Gonzáles, 2005 | |-- E. crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 [incl. Etropus intermedius Norman, 1933] (Fringed flounder) | |-- E. cyclosquamus Leslie & Stewart, 1986 | |--o E. delsmani Chabanaud, 1940 | | |-- E. d. delsmani Chabanaud, 1940 | | `-- E. d. pacificus Nielsen, 1963 (Delsman's flounder) | |-- E. ectenes Jordan, in Jourdan & Goss, 1889 (Sole flounder) | |-- E. longimanus Norman, 1933 | |-- E. microstomus (Gill, 1864) (Smallmouth flounder) | |-- E. peruvianus Hildebrand, 1946 (Peruvian flounder) | `-- E. rimosus Goode & Bean, 1885 (Gray flounder) `--o Syacium [8] |-- S. guineensis (Bleeker, 1862) |-- S. gunteri Ginsburg, 1933 (Shoal flounder) |-- S. latifrons (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Beach flounder) |-- S. longidorsale Murakami & Amaoka, 1992 (Longfin flounder) |-- S. maculiferum (Garman, 1899) (Clearspot flounder) |-- S. micrurum Ranzani, 1842 (Channel flounder) |-- S. ovale (Günther, 1864) (Oval flounder) `-- S. papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dusky flounder)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - van der Heiden, A. M. & Plascencia Gonzáles, H. G., 2005: Etropus ciadi, a new endemic flatfish from the Gulf of California Mexico (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae).
–Copeia: Vol. 2005 [105], #3, pp. 470-478 - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600