After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Ammodytidae (tuulenkalat; sand lances) [5/18] |?- †Rhamphosus M.-U. Eoc. Eu. [however, see Gasterosteiformes] |--o Ammodytes Olig. Mioc. Eu. R. Oc. | |-- †A. antipai | |-- A. americanus DeKay, 1842 (American sand lance) | |-- A. dubius Reinhardt, 1837 (Northern sand lance) | |-- A. hexapterus Pallas, 1814 (Pacific sand lance) | |?- A. lancea (tuulenkala) | |-- A. marinus Raitt, 1934 (Lesser sand-eel) | |-- A. personatus Girard, 1856 (Pacific sandeel) | |-- A. pylei Randall, Ida & Earle, 1994 | `-- A. tobianus Linnaeus, 1758 (Small sandeel) |--o Ammodytoides | |-- A. gilli (Bean, 1895) (Gill's sand lance) | `-- A. renniei (Smith, 1957) (Scaly sandlance) |--o Bleekeria [Ammodytoides] | |-- B. mitsukurii Jordan & Evermann, 1902 | `-- B. viridianguilla (Fowler, 1931) |-- Embolichthys |--o Gymnammodytes | |-- G. capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape sandlance) | |-- G. cicerelus (Rafinesque, 1810) (Mediterranean sand eel) | `-- G. semisquamatus (Jourdain, 1879) (Smooth sandeel) `--o Hyperoplus |-- Hyperoplus immaculatus (Corbin, 1950) (Greater sand-eel) `-- Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824) [Ammodytes lanceolatus Le Sauvage, 1824] (isotuulenkala; Great sandeel)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600