After Carroll, 1988, and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Gasterosteiformes [incl. Syngnathiformes] (piikkikalat) |--o Gasterosteoidei [Thoracostei] (piikkikalat) | |-- Hypoptychus dybowskii Steindachner, 1880 [Hypoptychidae] (korean sandeel) | |--o Aulorhynchidae (putkikuonot: tubesnouts) | | |-- †Protaulopsis M. Eoc. Eu. | | |-- Aulichthys japonicus Brevoort, 1862(Tubenose) | | `--o Aulorhynchus [Protosyngnathus] Tert. SAs. EInd. R. Oc. [1 recent species] | | `-- A. flavidus Gill, 1861 (Tube-snout) | `-- Gasterosteidae (piikkikalat) [5/7] `--o Syngnathoidei [Syngnathiformes] (yhdysleukaiset piikkikalat) |--o Indostomus [Indostomoidei: Indostomidae] | |-- I. crocodilus Britz & Kottelat, 1999 | |-- I. paradoxus Prashad & Mukerji, 1929 (piikkineula; Pipe fish) | `-- I. spinosus Britz & Kottelat, 1999 |--o Syngnatha (putkisuukalat) | |--o Pegasoidea [Hypostomides] | | |-- †Rhamphosus aculeatus L. Eoc. Eu. [Ramphosidae] | | `-- Pegasidae (korentokalat; seamoths) [2/5] | `--o Syngnathoidea [Lophobranchii] | |-- Solenostomidae (kummitusneulat; ghost pipefishes) [1/3] | `-- Syngnathidae (merineulat) [N: 52/215] `--o Aulostomoidei |--o Aulastomoidea (trumpettikalojensukuiset piikkikalat) | |-- Fistulariidae (kornettikalat) [1/4] | `-- Aulostomidae (trumpettikalat) [1/3] `--o Centriscoidea (katkarapukalojensukuiset piikkikalat) |?- †Parasynarcualis M. Eoc. Eu. [Parasynarcualidae] |?-o †Paraeoliscidae | |-- †Aeoliscoides longirostris M. Eoc. Eu. | `-- †Paraeoliscus robinetae M. Eoc. Eu. |-- Macroramphosidae [Macrorhamphosidae] (torvikalat; snipefishes) [3/12] `-- Centriscidae (katkarapukalat) [2/4]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600