After Carroll, 1988 and Nelson, 1994, with Recent species from Froese & Pauly, 2001 [“The Fishbase”]
<==o Scaridae [Callyodontidae] (parrotfishes; papukaijakalat) [9/82] [FB: 10/88] |?-o Chlorurus [17] | |-- C. atrilunula (Randall & Bruce, 1983) (Bluemoon parrotfish) | |-- C. bleekeri (De Beaufort, 1940) (Bleeker's parrotfish) | |-- C. bowersi (Snyder, 1909) (Bower's parrotfish) | |-- C. capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847) | |-- C. cyanescens (Valenciennes, 1840) (Blue humphead parrotfish) | |-- C. enneacanthus (Lacépède, 1802) (Captain parrotfish) | |-- C. frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Tan-faced parrotfish) | |-- C. genazonatus (Randall & Bruce, 1983) (Sinai parrotfish) | |-- C. gibbus (Rüppell, 1829) (Heavybeak parrotfish) | |-- C. japanensis (Bloch, 1789) (Palecheek parrotfish) | |-- C. oedema (Snyder, 1909) (Knothead parrotfish) | |-- C. perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879) (Spectacled parrotfish) | |-- C. pyrrhurus (Jordan & Seale, 1906) | |-- C. rhakoura Randall & Anderson, 1997 | |-- C. sordidus (Forsskål, 1775) (Daisy parrotfish) | |-- C. strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1854) (Indian Ocean steephead parrotfish) | `-- C. troschelii (Bleeker, 1853) (Troschel's parrotfish) |-- Pseudoscaris Eoc. Eu. R. As. NA. SA. |-- Scaroides Tert. CA. R. Oc. |--o Scarinae [N: 4/67] | |-- Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) (Green humphead parrotfish) | |-- Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829) (Bicolour parrotfish) | |--o Hipposcarus [2] | | |-- H. harid (Forsskål, 1775) (Candelamoa parrotfish) | | `-- H. longiceps (Valenciennes, 1840) (Pacific longnose parrotfish) | `-- Scarus [Callyodon, Pseudoscarus, Scarops, Ypsiscarus] Eoc. Eu. Mioc. SAs. R. Oc. [N: 62] [FB: 50] `--o Sparisomatinae [N: 5/16] |--o Calotomus [Scaridea] [5] | |-- C. carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840) (Carolines parrotfish) | |-- C. japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840) (Japanese parrotfish) | |-- C. spinidens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Spinytooth parrotfish) | |-- C. viridescens (Rüppell, 1835) (Viridescent parrotfish) | `-- C. zonarchus (Jenkins, 1903) (Yellowbar parrot) |-- Cryptotomus roseus Cope, 1871 (Bluelip parrotfish) |-- Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Marbled parrotfish) |--o Nicholsina [2] | |-- N. denticulata (Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917) Loosetooth parrotfish) | `--o N. usta (Valenciennes, 1840) | |-- N. u. collettei Schultz, 1968 | `-- N. u. usta (Valenciennes, 1840) (Emerald parrotfish) `--o Sparisoma [8] |-- S. atomarium (Poey, 1861) (Greenblotch parrotfish) |-- S. aurofrenatum (Valenciennes, 1840) (Redband parrotfish) |-- S. chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Redtail parrotfish) |-- S. cretense (Linnaeus, 1758) (Parrotfish) |-- S. radians (Valenciennes, 1840) (Bucktooth parrotfish) |-- S. rubripinne (Valenciennes, 1840) (Redfin parrotfish) |-- S. strigatus (Günther, 1862) (Strigate parrotfish) `-- S. viride (Bonnaterre, 1788) (Stoplight parrotfish)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds), 2001: FishBase.
–iNet: www.fishbase.org - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 5: Kalat, sammakkoeläimet, matelijat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980.
Original work [in French]: Beauté Du Monde Animal: IX Reptiles/Amphibiens & X Poissons.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600