After Murray & Wilson, 2009 (macrosemiiforms), and López-Arbarello, 2012 (semionotifoms & lepisosteiforms)
<==o Ginglymodi Cope, 1872 (luuhauet ja sukulaiset; Lepisosteus and related forms) |?- †Uarbyichthys latus Jur. Aust. [Uarbyichthyidae] [a Macrosemiid?? (Frickhinger, 1995)] `--+?- †Kyphosichthys grandei Xu & Wu, 2012 |--o †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin, 1958 sensu López-Arbarello, 2012 [incl. Macrosemiiformes Nelson, 2006] | |--o †Sangiorgioichthys Tintori & Lombardo, 2007; M.Trias. SEu. | | |-- †S. aldae Tintori & Lombardo, 2007 | | `-- †S. sui López-Arabello, Sun, Sferco, Tintori, Xu, Sun, Wu & Jiang, 2011 | `--+--+-- †Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis Wen, Zhang, Zhou, Huang, Chen & Benton, 2011 | | |--+-- †Placidichthys bidorsalis Brito, 2000 | | | `-- †Aphanepygus dorsalis Bassani, 1879; L.Cret. SWAs. | | `--o †Macrosemiidae Thiollière, 1858 sensu Murray & Wilson, 2009 | | |--o †Notagogus Agassiz, 1833-1844; [Blenniomogeus; Callignathus; Neonotagogus Bravi, 1994] L.Jur.-E.Cret. Eu. | | | |-- †N. helenae | | | `--+-- †N. ferreri | | | `--+-- †N. denticulatus [Neonotagogus denticulatus () Bravi, 1994] | | | |-- †N. novomundi González-Rodríguez & Reynoso, 2004 | | | `--+-- †N. pentlandi | | | |-- †N. inimontis | | | |-- †N. decoratus | | | `-- †N. parvus | | `--+-- †Agoultichthys chattertoni Murray & Wilson, 2009; L.Cret. NWAf. | | `--+--+--o †Histionotus Egerton, 1854; U.Jur.-L.Cret. Eu. | | | | |-- †H. angularis | | | | |-- †H. oberndorferi | | | | `-- †H. falsani | | | `--o †Propterus Agassiz, 1833-1844; U.Jur.-L.Cret. Eu. | | | |-- †P. elongatus | | | |-- †P. microstomus | | | |-- †P. scacchi | | | `-- †P. vidali | | `--+-- †Macrosemiocotzus americanus González-Rodríguez, Applegate & Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 2004 | | `--+--o †Legnonotus Egerton, 1854; U.Trias. Eu. | | | |-- †L. krambergeri | | | |-- †L. cothamensis | | | `-- †L. obtusus | | `--o †Macrosemius Agassiz, 1833-1844 [Disticholepis] U.Jur. Eu. WAf. | | |-- †M. rostratus | | `-- †M. fourneti | `--+--o †Semionotidae Woodward, 1890 sensu López-Arbarello, 2012 | | `--o †Semionotus Agassiz, 1832; L.Trias. CEu., E.Jur. WNAm. | | |-- †S. capensis Woodward, 1888 | | |-- †S. bergeri Agassiz, 1832 [type] | | `?-o †S. elegans -group (Olsen & McCune, 1991) [9 species?] | | |-- †S. elegans (Newberry, 1888) | | `?- †S. kanabensis (Schaeffer & Dunkle, 1950) [=? S. canabensis] E.Jur. WNAm. | `--o †Callipurbeckiidae López-Arbarello, 2012 | |-- †Semiolepis brembanus Lombardo & Tintori, 2008; M.Trias. SEu. | `--+-- †Paralepidotus ornatus (Agassiz, 1833) Stolley, 1919; L.Trias. Eu. | `--+--o †Macrosemimimus Schröder, López-Arbarello & Ebert, 2012 | | |-- †M. lennieri (Sauvage, 1893) [Lepidotus lennieri Sauvage, 1893; Lepidotus lenneri (lapsus calami); Lepidotus toombsi Jain & Robinson, 1963; Lepidotus lennieri Wenz, 1968] | | `-- †M. fegerti Schröder, López-Arbarello & Ebert, 2012 [type] | `--+-- †Tlayuamichin itztli López-Arbarello & Alvarado-Ortega, 2011 [Lepidotes sp. Applegate, 1996] E.Cret. SWNAm. | `--o †Callipurbeckia López-Arbarello, 2012; L.Jur. CEu. WEu. EAf. | |-- †C. minor (Agassiz, 1837) [Lepidotus minor Agassiz, 1837; Semionotus minor (Agassiz) McCune, 1986] | |-- †C. notopterus (Agassiz, 1837) [“Lepidotes” notopterus Agassiz, 1837] | `-- †C. tendaguruensis (Arratia & Schultze, 1999) [Lepidotus tendaguruensis Arratia & Schultze, 1999] `--+-- †Neosemionotus puntatus Bocchin, 1973; E.Cret. SSAm. `--o Lepisosteiformes Hay, 1929 sensu López-Arbarello, 2012 (gars; luuhauet) |--o †Lepidotes Agassiz, 1832 sensu stricto [synonyms] E.Jur. Eu. [Lepidotidae] | |-- †L. gigas Agassiz, 1832 [type] | |-- †L. elvensis (Blainville, 1818) [Cyprinus elvensis Blainville, 1818] | |-- †L. semiserratus Agassiz, 1836 | |-- †L. bulowianus Jaekel, 1929 [L. bülowianus Jaekel, 1929] | `?- †L. piauhyensis Roxo & Löfgren, 1936 |--o †Scheenstia López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011; L.Jur. WEu. CEu. | |?- †S. decoratus (Wagner, 1863) [Lepidotus decoratus Wagner, 1863] | |?- †S. degenhardti (Branco, 1885) [Lepidotus degenhardti Branco, 1885] | |?- †S. hauchecornei (Wagner, 1863) [Lepidotus hauchecornei Wagner, 1863] | |-- †S. zappi López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011 | `--+-- †S. mantelli (Agassiz, 1833) [Lepidotus mantelli Agassiz, 1834] | |-- †S. laevis (Agassiz, 1837) [Lepidotus laevis Agassiz, 1837] | `-- †S. maximus (Wagner, 1863) [Lepidotus maximus Wagner, 1863] |--o †Isanichthys Cavin & Suteethorn, 2006 | |-- †I. palustris Cavin & Suteethorn, 2006 | |-- †I. lertboosi Deesri, Lauprasert, Suteethorn, Wongko & Cavin, 2014 | |-- †I. latifrons (Woodward, 1893) Deesri, Lauprasert, Suteethorn, Wongko & Cavin, 2014 [Lepidotes latifrons Woodward, 1893] | `-- †I. luchowensis (Wang, 1974) Deesri, Lauprasert, Suteethorn, Wongko & Cavin, 2014 [Lepidotes luchowensis Wang, 1974] `--o Lepisosteoidei Hay, 1929 sensu López-Arbarello, 2012 |?- †Thaiichthys buddhabutrensis (Cavin, Suteethorn, Khansubha, Buffetaut & Tong, 2003) Cavin, Deesri & Suteethorn, 2013; E.Cret. SEAs. |-- †Araripelepidotes temnurus (Agassiz, 1841) Silva Santos, 1985; E.Cret. NESAm. `--+-- †Pliodetes nigeriensis Wenz, 1999; E.Cret. WAf. `--o Lepisosteoidea Hay, 1929 sensu López-Arbarello, 2012 [Lepisosteiformes Hay, 1929 sensu Grande, 2010] |--o †Obaichthyidae Grande, 2010 | |--o †Obaichthys Wenz & Brito, 1992; E.Cret. NESAm. WAf. | | |?- †O. africanus Grande, 2010; E.Cret. WAf. | | `-- †O. decoratus Wenz & Brito, 1992; E.Cret. NESAm. | `--o †Dentilepisosteus Grande, 2010; E.Cret. NESAm. WAf. | |-- †D. laevis (Wenz & Brito, 1992) E.Cret. NESAm. | `-- †D. kemkenensis Grande, 2010; E.Cret. WAf. `--o Lepisosteidae Cuvier, 1825 (gars; luuhauet) |?- †“Atractosteus” africanus Arambourg & Joleaud, 1943; L.Cret. NAf. |?-o †Paralepidosteus L.Cret. WAf. | |-- †P. praecursor | `-- †P. africanus [=? “Atractosteus” africanus Arambourg & Joleaud, 1943] |--o †Masillosteus Micklich & Klappert, 200; Eoc. NAm. CEu. | |-- †M. kelleri Micklich & Klappert, 200) | `-- †M. janeae Grande, 2010 `--+--o †Cuneatus Grande, 2010; Eoc. NAm. CEu. | |-- †C. cuneatus (Cope, 1878) Grande, 2010 [Lepisosteus cuneatus Cope, 1878; Atractosteus cuneatus] Eoc. NAm. | `-- †C. wileyi Grande, 2010 `--+--o Atractosteus Rafinesque, 1820; L.Cret.-R. NAm. Eoc. Eu. ?L.Cret. WAf. | |-- †A. occidentalis Leidy, 1856 (non Wiley, 1976?) | |-- †A. simplex Leidy, 1873 | |-- †A. atrox Leidy, 1873 | |-- †A. messelensis | |-- †A. falipoui Cavin & Brito, 2001 | |-- A. spatula (Lacépède, 1803); Mioc. R. SNA. (keihäsluuhauki; Alligator gar) | |-- A. tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (kuubanluuhauki; Cuban gar) | `-- A. tropicus Gill, 1863 (väliamerikanluuhauki; Tropical gar) `--o Lepisosteus Lacépède, 1803; L.Cret. NAf. Ind. Mad. SAm. NAm.; Tert.-R. NAm. Caribb. CAm. |-- †L. bemisi |-- †L. cominatoi Santos, 1984 |-- †L. opertus Estes, 1964 |-- †L. indicus Woodward, 1890 `--+?- †L. sp. [L.Cret. Mad.] [Gottfried & Krause, 1998] |?- †L. sp. [“Atractosteus” africanus Arambourg & Joleaud, 1943; in partim] [L.Cret. NAf.] [Gottfried & Krause, 1998] |-- †L. suessoniensis Pal. NAm. Eu. |-- †L. strausi (Kinkelin, 1884) [Atractosteus strausi Kinkelin, 1884] Eoc. NAm. Eu. |-- †L. fimbriatus Wood, 1846 Eoc.-Olig. NAm. Eu. |-- L. oculatus Winchell, 1864 (täpläluuhauki; Spotted gar) |-- L. osseus (Linnaeus, 1758) (pitkäkuonoluuhauki; Longnose gar) |-- L. platostomus Rafinesque, 1820 (lyhytkuonoluuhauki; Shortnose gar) `-- L. platyrhincus DeKay, 1842 (floridanluuhauki; Florida gar)
“Macrosemiiformes” incertae sedis:
†Disticholepis
†D. dumortieri
†Orthurus U.Trias. Eu.
†Petalopteryx [Aphanepygus] L.-U.Cret. Eu. U.Cret. SWAs.
†P. syriacus
†Macrosemiidae Thiollière, 1858
?†Eusemius beatae
†Enchelyolepis Woodward, 1918 U.Jur. Eu.
†E. pectoralis
†E. andrewsi
“Semionotiformes” incertae sedis:
†Aetheolepis Jur. Aus.
†Alleiolepis [Leiolepis] M. Trias. Eu.
†Angolaichthys Trias. WAf.
†Aphelolepis Trias. Eu.
†Asialepidotus M. Trias. EAs.
†Corunegenys U. Trias. Aus.
†Enigmatichthys M. Trias. Aus.
†E. attenuatus
†Eosemionotus L.-M. Trias. Eu.
†Paracentrophorus L. Trias. Mad.
†P. madagascariensis
†Pericentrophorus
†P. minimus Jörg, 1969
†Paradapedium L. Jur. Ind.
†P. egertoni
†Pericentrophus L. Trias. Eu.
†P. minimus
†Prionopleurus [Pantelion] Jur. Eu.
†Pristiosomus U. Trias. Aus.
†Serrolepis M.-U. Trias. Eu.
†Sinosemionotus M. Trias. EAs.
†Dapediidae
†Dandya
†D. ovalis
†Dapedium [Aechmodus, Amblyurus, Dapedius, Omalopleurus, Pholidotus] L.Trias.-E.Jur. Eu. SAs.
†D. colei
†D. caelatum
†D. granulatum
†D. noricum
†D. pholidotus [D. pholidotum]
†D. politum
†D. punctatum [D. punctatus]
†Hemicalypterus U. Trias. NA.
†H. weiri
†Heterostropheus [Heterostichus] U. Jur. Eu.
†H. latus
†Sargodon U. Trias. Eu.
†S. tomicus
†Tetragonolepis [Homoeolepis, Pleurolepis] E.-L.Jur. Eu., E.Jur. As.
†T. oldhami
†T. semicinctus
†Acentrophoridae
†Acentrophorus L.Perm. Eu. L.Trias. NAm.
†A. varians
†Lepidotidae
†Lepidotes Agassiz, 1832 [Synonyms] U. Trias. L. Cret. ?U. Cret. Eu. U. Trias. L. Cret. Af. NA. U. Trias. U. Cret. As. ?Trias. L. Jur. U. Cret. SA. L. Jur. Mad.
†L. affinis Fricke, 1875
†L. alagoensis Gallo, 2000
†L. bernissartensis Traquair, 1910
†L. congolensis
†L. deccanensis Sykes, 1851
†L. dixseptiensis Silva Santos, 1963 [scales only]
†L. gallinecki (Michael, 1893) [Prolepidotes gallinecki Michael, 1893]
†L. gloriae Thies, 1989
†L. ilergetis Sauvage, 1903
†L. intermedius Wagner, 1863
†L. itieri Thiollière, 1873
†L. koeneni Branco, 1887
†L. laevigatus Sauvage, 1879
†L. leedsi Woodward, 1895
†L. llewellyni
†L. macrocheirus Egerton, 1845
†L. mawsoni Woodward, 1888
†L. oblongus Agassiz, 1837
†L. oliveirai Silva Santos, 1969 [scales only]
†L. palliatus Agassiz, 1837
†L. pankowskii Forey, López-Arbarello & MacLeod, 2011
†L. pusillus Bocchino, 1973
†L. pustulosus
†L. roxoi Silva Santos, 1953
†L. souzai
†L. subovatus (Münster, 1842) [Scrobodus Münster, 1842]
†L. unguiculatus Agassiz, 1837
†L. wenzae Brito & Gallo, 2003
†L. xinjinensis Su, 1983
†L. microrhis Wenz, 2003
†L. tanyrhis Wenz, 2003
†Semionotidae Woodward, 1890 pro parte, non Lehman, 1966 [Semionotidae Woodward, 1890 in partim]
†Austrolepidotes cuyanus
†Cyrodus
†Neolepidotes Chang & Chou, 1977; E.Cret. EAs.
†Sinolepidotus Wei, 1976 (E.Cret. EAs.
†Tianfuichthys Su, 1996; L.Jur. EAs.
†Semionotus Agassiz, 1832 [?Archaeosemionotus; Ischypetrus] L.-U. Trias. Eu. ?L. Trias. SA. U. Trias. Aus. SAf. NA.
†S. kapffi
†S. normanniae
†S. canabensis
†S. tenuiceps -group
†S. micropterus -group
After Deesri, Lauprasert, Suteethorn, Wongko & Cavin, 2014<==o Ginglymodi |-- †Macrosemiiformes `--+--+-- †Semiolepis brembanus | `-- †Tlayuamichin itztli `--+--+-- †Semionotus elegans | `-- †Semionotus kanabensis `--+-- †Callipurbeckia minor `--+-- †“Lepidotes” gloriae `--+-- †Neosemionotus puntatus `--+--o †Sangiorgioichthys | |-- †S. aldae | `-- †S. sui |--+-- †“Lepidotes” microrhis | `--+-- †Paralepidotus ornatus | `--o †Macrosemimimus | |-- †M. lennieri | `-- †M. fegerti `--o Lepisosteiformes |--o †Lepidotes | |-- †L. elvensis | `--+-- †L. semiserratus | `-- †L. piauhyensis |--o †Isanichthys | |-- †I. palustris | |-- †I. lertboosi | |-- †I. latifrons | `-- †I. luchowensis `--+-- †Scheenstia mantelli `--+--+-- †Thaiichthys buddhabutrensis | `--+-- †Pliodetes nigeriensis | `-- †Araripelepidotes temnurus `--+--+-- †Obaichthys decoratus | `-- †Dentilepisosteus laevis `--+-- †Masillosteus janeae `--+-- †Cuneatus wileyi `--+-- Atractosteus spatula `-- Lepisosteus osseus |
After Cavin, Deesri & Suteethorn, 2013<==o Ginglymodi |-- †Macrosemiiformes `--+--+-- †Semiolepis brembanus | `-- †Tlayuamichin itztli `--+--o †Sangiorgioichthys | |-- †S. aldae | `-- †S. sui `--+--+-- †Semionotus elegans | `-- †Semionotus kanabensis `--+-- †“Lepidotes” minor `--+-- †“Lepidotes” gloriae |-- †“Lepidotes” microrhis |-- †Lepidotes elvensis |-- †Lepidotes semiserratus |-- †Lepidotes piauhyensis |-- †Neosemionotus puntatus |-- †Paralepidotus ornatus `--+--+-- †Isanichthys palustris | `-- †“Lepidotes” latifrons `--+-- †“Lepidotes” mantelli `--+--+-- †Thaiichthys buddhabutrensis | `--+-- †Pliodetes nigeriensis | `-- †Araripelepidotes temnurus `--+--+-- †Obaichthys decoratus | `-- †Dentilepisosteus laevis `--+-- †Masillosteus janeae `--+-- †Cuneatus wileyi `--+-- Atractosteus spatula `-- Lepisosteus osseus |
After Carroll, 1988, Nelson, 1994, Long, 1995, and Cavin, 2010<==o Ginglymodi |?- †Uarbyichthys `--+-- †Macrosemiiformes |?- †Pycnodontiformes `==o †Semionotiformes |-- †Sangiorgioichthys aldae `--+-- †Semionotus bergeri |--+-- †Semionotus elegans | `-- †Semionotus kanabensis |-- †Lepidotus minor |--+-- †Lepidotus lennieri | `--+-- †Lepidotus gloriae | `-- †Lepidotus tendaguruensis |--+-- †Lepidotus n.sp. | |-- †Lepidotus mantelli | `--+-- †Lepidotus elvensis | |-- †Lepidotus semiserratus | |--+-- †Lepidotus piauhyensis | | `-- †Paralepidotus ornatus | `--+-- †Lepidotus n.sp. | |-- †Lepidotus latifrons | `-- †Isanichthys palustris `--+-- †Neosemionotus puntatus `--+-- †Lepidotes microrhis `--+-- †Lepidotes buddhabutrensis `--+--+-- †Araripelepidotes temnurus | `-- †Pliodetes nigeriensis `--+-- †Masillosteus kelleri `-- Lepisosteiformes |
Macrosemiid phylogeny after González-Rodríguez, Applegate & Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 2004
<==o †Macrosemiidae
|-- †Petalopteryx L.-U.Cret. Eu. U.Cret. SWAs.
`--+--+-- †Neonotagogus Bravi, 1994
| `-- †Notagogus Agassiz, 1835; U.Jur.-L.Cret. Eu.
`--+--+-- †Histionotus Egerton, 1854 U.Jur.-L.Cret. Eu.
| `-- †Propterus Agassiz, 1834; U.Jur.-L.Cret. Eu.
`--+-- †Legnonotus Egerton, 1854; U.Trias. Eu.
|-- †Macrosemius Agassiz, 1844 [Disticholepis] U.Jur. Eu. WAf.
`-- †Macrosemiocotzus González-Rodríguez, Applegate & Espinosa-Arrubarrena, 2004
|
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Cavin, L., 2010: Diversity of Mesozoic semionotiform fishes and the origin of gars (Lepisosteidae).
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–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 59, #2, pp. 313-331 [doi: 10.4202/app.2012.0013] - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas – Fishes.
–Mergus – Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A. Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Gayet, M., Meunier, F. J. & Werner, C., 2002: Diversification in Polypteriformes and special comparison with the Lepisosteiformes.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 45, #2, pp. 361-376 - González-Rodríguez, K., Applegate, S. P. & Espinosa-Arrubarrena, L., 2004: A New World macrosemiid (Pisces: Neopterygii-Halecostomi) from the Albian of México.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #2, pp. 281-289 - Gottfried, M. D. & Krause, D. W., 1998: First record of gars (Lepisosteidae, Actinopterygii) on Madagascar: Late Cretaceous remains from the Mahajanga Basin.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #2, pp. 275-279 - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - López-Arbarello, A., 2012: Phylogenetic interrelationships of Ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii).
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–Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 2001, iv-365 - Schröder, K. M., López-Arbarello, A. & Ebert, M., 2012: Macrosemimimus, gen. nov. (Actinopterygii, Semionotiformes), from the Late Jurassic of Germany, England, and France.
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