After Parker, 1982, and Adl et al., 2005
<==o Acantharia Haeckel, 1811, emend. Mikrjukov, 2000 [Actinopoda:][Acantharea] |?-o Actinelida [Acantharia incertae sedis] | |--o Actinelina | | `-- Astrolophidae | `--o Actinastrina | |-- Trizonidae | `-- Actinastridae |--o Holacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926 | |-- Acanthocolla | |--o Acanthochiasmidae | | `-- Acanthochiasma | `--o Acanthoplegmatidae | `-- Acanthoplegma |--o Symphyacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926 | |-- Astrolonche | |-- Astrolithiidae | |--o Amphilithiidae | | `-- Amphilithium | `--o Pseudolithiidae | `-- Pseudolithium |--o Chaunacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926 | |-- Amphiacon | |-- Heteracon | |--o Conacontidae | | `-- Conocon | |--o Gigartacontidae | | `-- Gigartacon | `--o Stauracontidae | `-- Stauracon `--o Arthracanthida Schewiakoff, 1926 |-- Daurataspis |-- Pleuraspis |--o Sphenacanthina | |--o Acanthometridae | | `-- Acanthometra | |-- Lithopteratidae | |-- Dorataspididae | |-- Hexalaspitidae | |--o Diplocontidae | | `-- Diploconus | `--o Phractopeltatidae | `-- Phractopelta `--o Phyllacanthina |--o Phyllostauritidae | `-- Phyllostaurus |--o Stauracanthitidae | `-- Stauracantha `--o Dichyacanthitidae `-- Dictyacantha
Reference(s):
- Adl, S. M., Simpson, A. G. B., Farmer, M. A., Andersen, R. A., Anderson, O. R., Barta, J. R., Bowser, S. S., Brugerolle, G., Fensome, R. A., Fredericq, S., James, T. Y., Karpov, S., Kugrens, P., Krug, J., Lane, C. E., Lewis, L. A., Lodge, J., Lynn, D. H., Mann, D. G., McCourt, R. M., Mendoza, L., Moestrup, Ø., Mozley-Standridge, S. E., Nerad, T. A., Shearer, C. A., Smirnov, A. V., Spiegel, F. W. & Taylor, M. F. J. R., 2005: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists.
–Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology: Vol. 52, #5, pp. 399-451 - Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2
–McGrew-Hill Book Company