Reports on scurvy uploaded to Zenodo by Harri Hemilä (2026)

This file in Zenodo; 2026-3-5 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17085738
Webfile updated more often: https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/ReportsOnScurvy_Hemila.html

The primary goal of this project is to collect original early descriptions of the symptoms of scurvy, with an emphasis on firsthand clinical observations and historically significant accounts.

Motivations for collecting early reports on scurvy:

1. Many of the reports included here are of great historical interest. For example, during some long sea voyages more than half of the crew died from scurvy, with profound consequences for the outcome and success of such expeditions.

2. In his authoritative book The History of Vitamin C and Scurvy (1986), Kenneth Carpenter referred to numerous early reports. At that time, the sources were not available online. Many of the documents included in this collection provide direct access to reports cited by Carpenter.

3. Several early reports were written by physicians who had personally treated large numbers of patients with scurvy. Their extensive firsthand experience allowed them to describe a wide range of symptoms of scurvy in detail. As a result, many of these early descriptions can be much more informative for understanding the clinical spectrum of scurvy than many modern reviews, which often focus primarily on biochemical mechanisms.

4. Oranges, lemons, and other plants were known to prevent and cure scurvy long before the work of James Lind. This early knowledge represents an important and fascinating aspect of medical history. Moreover, recovery following the use of fruit and other plant foods strongly supports the conclusion that the observed symptoms were indeed caused by scurvy.

Short texts are presented in full, while longer works are shown as extracts with sufficient surrounding context to preserve meaning. Many of the original reports are difficult to access or challenging to read due to poor scan quality, gray backgrounds, low contrast, and old typefaces. To improve readability, several texts have been transcribed and reformatted using modern fonts. When available, links to the original digitized sources are provided in the listed documents.

The documents are arranged chronologically according to the year of the original report or observation, with the oldest first. In the case where a report describes events that occurred earlier than its publication date, the year of the event is used for placement. Review articles are indicated in bold. This list may be updated as additional relevant early texts are identified.

Year range Page
1218-1599 2
1600-1699 5
1700-1799 8
1800-1899 10
1900-1999 15
2000-2026 25

Harri Hemilä, University of Helsinki, Finland
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-307X
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=hemila+h+vitamin
https://scholar.google.fi/citations?user=2mkomzUAAAAJ
https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/fi/persons/harri-hemil%C3%A4

1218 Siege of Damietta
Jacques de Vitry’s description of scurvy during the Fifth Crusade (1218-1219)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338064

1249 Siege of Cairo
Description of scurvy on the Seventh Crusade by Jean de Joinville (1249)
Joinville, Jean de
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17341537

1498 Sea voyage /Oranges
Scurvy during Vasco da Gama’s first voyage (1497-1499)
Ravenstein, Ernst Georg
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17781205

1500

1500 Sea voyage /Oranges, lemons
Scurvy during Pedro Álvares Cabral’s voyage (1500)
Greelee, William
In: Voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India, p.65-66
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18785796

1521 Sea voyage
Scurvy during Magellan’s voyage around the world (1519-1522)
Pigafetta, Antonio
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18001193

1521 Sea voyage
Magellan’s voyage around the world; English translation of Pigafetta by Richard Eden (1555)
Eden, Richard
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17999904

1535 /Spruce ?
Scurvy on Jacques Cartier’s second voyage to North America (Winter 1535-1536)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17348074

1541
Description of scurvy by Echtius (1541)
Lind, James 1753
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17093279

1555 Sieges in general
Description of scurvy symptoms by Olaus Magnus (1555)
Hemilä, Harri
Korkiakangas, Timo
Chalker, Elizabeth
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13380745

1567
Description of scurvy by Wierus (1567)
Lind, James 1753
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17093229

1564 /Oranges
Description of scurvy by Ronsseus (1564)
Lind, James 1753
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17093314

1579 Sea voyage
Scurvy during Thomas Stevens’ voyage to India (1579)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18174375

1589
The first voyage of Robert Baker to Guinea, with the Minion, and Primrose, set out in October, 1562
[The first use of term scurvy in English language in 1589]
Hakluyt, Richard
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17941245

1589
The voyage intended towards China, wherein M. Edward Fenton was appointed Generall, written by master Luke Ward his Vice admirall, and Captaine of the Edward Bonauenture, begun Anno Dom. 1582
[The first use of term scurvy in English language in 1589]
Hakluyt, Richard
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18175088

1593 Sea voyage /Oranges
Scurvy during Richard Hawkins’ voyage (1593)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18001137

1593 Sea voyage /Scurvy-grass
Scurvy on John Davis’ voyage (1591-1593)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17884408

1596 Sea voyage /Scurvy-grass
Two sailors with scurvy described by William Clowes (1596)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18788642

1600

1602 Sea voyage /Cactus: Opuntia imbricata
Scurvy during Sebastián Vizcaíno’s exploration (1602-1603)
Ascensión, Antonio de la
Wagner, Henry R (1929)
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18300855

1602 Sea voyage
Scurvy during Sebastián Vizcaíno’s exploration (1602-1603) [Summary]
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18301146

1602 Sea voyage /Oranges
François Pyrard’s description of scurvy during a sea voyage (1602-1603)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18415628

1604 Sea voyage
Scurvy during Henry Middleton’s Voyage (1604)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18418006

1607 /Oranges
Certain philosophical preparations of food and beverage for sea-men, in their long voyages
Platt, Hugh
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18860119

1611 /Oranges, lemons
De La Warre's description of treating scurvy with oranges and lemons (1611)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18860528

1617 Instructions to sea voyages /Oranges
Description of scurvy symptoms by John Woodall (1617)
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10651214

1619
Memoirs Concerning the Old and New Greenland
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18328015

1624 Siege of Breda
Description of scurvy by Vander Mye (1624)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17225428

1626 /Lemon juice
John Smith recommended the use of lemon juice as a treatment for scurvy (1626)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18623985

1631 /Lemon juice
John Winthrop describes the treatment of scurvy with lemon juice (1631)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18619215

1632
Two Journals: the First Kept by Seven Sailors in Greenland; the Second Kept by Seven Other Sailors at Spitzbergen, in the Years 1633 and 1634.
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18327404

1645
Scurvy described by the Faculty of Medicine at Copenhagen (1645)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17227206

1651
Description of scurvy symptoms by Francis Glisson (1651)
Glisson, Francis
In: Treatise of the Rickets: Being a diseas common to Children, pp. 249–250, 1651
Zenodo 2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10206723

1667
Thomas Willis on scurvy (1667)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17226864

1681
Scurvy described by M. Dellon (1681)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17223800

1685
Thomas Sydenham on scurvy (1685)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17223929

1696, 1706, 1736
William Cockburn on scurvy (1696, 1706, 1736)
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18874588

1699
A relation of some strange and wonderful effects of the scurvey,
which happened at Paris in the Year 1699
Poupart, François
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 26, 223–232, 1708
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16846396

1700

1703 Siege of Thorn /Plants, vegetables
Description of scurvy by Bachstrom (1734)
Lind, James 1772
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17225783

1720, 1737 / oranges, scurvygrass, pickled cabbage
Description of scurvy by Kramer (1720, 1737)
Lind, James 1772
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17224830

1730
Damiano Sinopeo on Scurvy in Cronstadt (1730-1733)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18334992

1732
Description of scurvy in Vyborg by Nitzsch (1732, 1734)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17295494

1739
John Cook on scurvy in Russia (1738-1739)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18299869

1740 Sea voyage
Scurvy on Anson’s voyage round the world (1740-1744)
Lind, James 1772
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17397300

1746
Scurvy in Hudson's bay (1746-1747)
Ellis, Henry
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18379214

1747
Description of scurvy in the Russian Army by Nitzsch (1747)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17296086

1750
M. Gmelin on scurvy (1736, 1750)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18299505

1762 Sea voyage / vegetables, lime juice, and syrup of garlic
A fatal scurvy in the East Indies (1762)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18299146

1764
Donald Monro on scurvy (1764)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18299334

1764
Lewis Rouppe on scurvy (1764)
Lind, James 1772
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18302180

1770
Observations on the scurvy
De Mertans, Charles
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 68, 661–680, 1778
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16846144

1772
On the scurvy [English translation from Latin]
Rouppe, Lewis
In: Observations on diseases incidental to seamen, pp.102–275, 1772
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17227637

1776
The Scurvy
van Swieten, Gerard
In The diseases incident to armies: With the method of cure, pp. 89–93, 138–150.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18872183

1800

1800
Dr. Trotter, on Citric Acid
Trotter, Thomas
Medical and Physical Journal, 4(18), 154–156, 1800
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10604543

1801 Siege of Alexandria
Account of the scurvy
Larrey, Dominique Jean
In: Memoirs of Military Surgery and Campaigns of the French Armies, pp.383–396, 1814
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582455

1816
On Scurvy
Trotter, Thomas
The London Medical and Physical Journal, 35(206), 257–260, 1816
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10931475

1827
On the diseases which prevailed among the British troops at Rangoon
Waddell, G
Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta, 3, 240–280, 1827
Zenodo 2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10207344

1831
Clinical Lecture [on Scurvy]
Elliotson, John
Lancet, 15(Feb 12), 649–655, 1831
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15863945

1836
On haemorrhagic pericarditis [Abstract]
Seidlitz
The British and Foreign Medical Review, 1(1), 259–263, 1836
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11175282

1838
Lectures on the theory and practice of medicine: scorbutus
Hall, Marshall
Lancet, 30, 849–857, 1838.
Zenodo 2026
https://zenodo.org/records/18622240

1839
Remarks on the cause of scurvy and on the means by which it may be prevented in merchant ships
Budd, George
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15647274

1840
Scurvy
Budd, George
The Library of Medicine, ed. Alexander Tweedie, Vol. V, pp.58–95, 1840
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17455962

1842 Sea voyage
Notes on the scurvy, as it appeared on board the U. S. Frigate Columbia,
in her cruize around the World,—1838-’39-’40
Coale, Edward
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 3(5; Jan 1), 68–77, 1842
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15640277

1847
Remarks on morbus cardiacus (scorbutic pericarditis) and on paracentesis
of the pericardium in the same
Kyber, A
Medicinische Zeitung Russlands 1847
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18302903

1848
On pericarditis scorbutica, and its treatment by paracentesis [Abstract]
Kyber, A
Ranking’s Abstract, 7, 64–65, 1848
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11175404

1848 Sea voyage
Report on scorbutus, as it appeared on board the United States Squadron,
blockading the ports in the gulf of Mexico, in the summer of 1846
Foltz, Jonathan Messersmith
American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 15(29; Jan), 38–58, 1848
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15640912

1854
Reports made to the Board of Admiralty and the Board of Trade, on the subject of preparing lemon-juice to render it an efficacious anti-scorbutic
Burnett, William
Medical Times and Gazette, 30 (NS 9)(Dec 23), 635–636.
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18483342

1858
Scurvy
Army Medical Department
In: Medical and Surgical History of the British Army Which Served in Turkey and
the Crimea During the War Against Russia in the Years 1854-55-56. Vol. II, pp.171–186, 1858
Zenodo 2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10103879

1862
Health and hospitals in Mississippi
Rawson, Charles H
American Medical Times, 5(3), 42, 1862
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15581966

1862
Land scurvy
Lyman, Francis R
American Medical Times, 5(9), 125, 1862
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582118

1862
Army correspondence [about scurvy]
Gibbs, OC
The Medical and Surgical Reporter, 9(3), 82–83, 1862
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582180

1866
Scurvy in the twenty-fifth army corps
Perry, Ira
The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 74(8), 155–157, 1866
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582246

1866
Observation on scurvy, and its causes among the U.S. colored troops
of the 25th army corps, during the spring and summer of 1865
Hemenway, S
The Chicago Medical Examiner, 7(10), 582–587, 1866
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582211

1866
Camp diarhoea [and scurvy]
Morse, DA
The Medical and Surgical Reporter, 15(14), 296–298, 1866
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15581894

1871 Infant scurvy
A case of scurvy in a child
Ingerslev, V
Hospitals-Tidende, 14(31; Aug 2), 121–122, 1871
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15424739

1873 Infant scurvy
Scurvy in a child ten months old
Jalland, WH
The Medical Times and Gazette, I(March 8), 248, 1873
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15373630

1878
Scurvy, Scorbutus (German: Scharbock)
Immermann, H
In: Cyclopaedia of the Practice of Medicine, Ed. H von Ziemssen, vol. XVII, 105–242, 1878
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17302867

1881
On Osteal or Periosteal Cachexia
Gee, Samuel
Saint Bartholomew's Hospital Reports, 17, 9-12, 1881
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662197

1885
Scurvy
Hirsch, August
In: Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology, vol. II, pp.507–568, 1885
Zenodo 2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10104179

1888
On Scurvy
United States Army
In: The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, (1861-65)
Part III, Vol. I., pp.683–715, 1888
Zenodo 2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10201743

1891
Sicknesses of Voyages and Colonies (Sea Scurvy, Flux, Fever, and Yellow Fever.)
Creighton, Charles
In: A History of Epidemics in Britain, p.578-645.
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17882745

1892 Infant scurvy
Scorbutus in infants; American cases
Northrup, William P
Archives of Pediatrics, IX(1; Jan), 1–22, 1892
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15463670

1892 Infant scurvy
Scurvy
Barlow, Thomas
In: Cyclopædia of the Diseases of Children, vol. II, ed. JM Keating, pp.265–278, 1892
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15586834

1894 Infant scurvy
Scorbutus in infants
Northrup, William P
Crandall, Floyd M
New York Medical Journal, LIX(May 26), 641–646, 1894
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15463815

1896
Scurvy
Stengel, Alfred
In: Twentieth Century Practice: An international Encyclopedia of Modern Medical Science, vol. VII, 491-514
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18622716

1898
Scurvy
Thompson, W Gilman
In: A System of Practical Medicine, vol. IV, pp. 1053–1063
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18622503

1898 Infant scurvy
The American pediatric society’s collective investigation on infantile scurvy in North America
Griffith, JP Crozer
Jennings, Charles G
Morse, John Lovett
The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 138, 605–609 and 139, 3–5, 1898
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15373841

1898 Infant scurvy
The American pediatric society’s collective investigation on infantile scurvy in North America
American Pediatric Society
Archives of Pediatrics, 15(7), 481–508, 1898
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15282390

1900

1904
On the etiology of scurvy
Coplans, Myer
Transactions of the Epidemiological Society of London, 23, 79–116, 1904
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18621256

1911 Infant scurvy
Scorbutus (Scurvy)
Holt, L Emmett
In: The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, 6th p., pp.233–241, 1911
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15343352

1912
Über experimentellen skorbut [in German]
Holst, Axel
Frölich, Theodor
Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, 72, 1–120, 1912
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8410010

1914
The pathologic affinities of beriberi and scurvy
Darling, ST
JAMA, 63(15), 1290–1294, 1914
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102994

1915 Infant scurvy
Infantile scurvy
Still, George Frederic
In: Common Disorders and Diseases of Childhood, 3rd p., pp.108–122, 1915
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15342856

1917 Infant scurvy
Infantile scurvy. V. A study of its pathogenesis
Hess, Alfred F
American Journal of Diseases of Children, 14(5), 337–353, 1917
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14609522

1918
The relative content of antiscorbutic principle in limes and lemons, together with some new facts and some old obsevations concerning the value of "lime juice" in the prevention of scurvy
Chick, Harriette
Hume, E Margaret
Skelton, Ruth F
Smith, Alice Henderson
Lancet, 192, Nov 30, 735-738
https://zenodo.org/records/18543473

1918
The heart in infantile scurvy [English translation from German]
Erdheim, J
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 31(49), 1293–1295, 1918
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7756493

1918
Beer and scurvy: some notes from history
Smith, Alice Henderson
Lancet, 192, Dec 14, 813-815
https://zenodo.org/records/18543205

1919
Scurvy: A Disease Due to Absence of Vitamine
Harden, Arthur
In: Physiology and National Needs pp. 51–73
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18623119

1919
A historical inquiry into the efficacy of lime-juice for the prevention and cure of scurvy
Smith, Alice Henderson
Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 32(Feb+Mar), 93–116, 188–208
https://zenodo.org/records/18484405

1919
Scurvy VIII. Factors affecting the antiscorbutic value of foods
Hess, Alfred F
Unger, Lester J
American Journal of Diseases of Children, 17(4), 221–240, 1919
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15210367

1919
The pathogenesis of deficiency disease. III.
The Influence of Dietaries Deficient in Accessory Food Factors on the Intestine
McCarrison, Robert
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 7, 167–187, 1919
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14416103

1919
The pathogenesis of deficiency disease. IV.
The Influence of a Scorbutic Diet on the Adrenal Glands
McCarrison, Robert
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 7, 188–194, 1919
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14416275

1919
Report on the Present State of Knowledge Concerning Accessory Food Factors (Vitamines)
Medical Research Committee
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18790418

1919
Scurvy [English translation from German]
Bierich, R
Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medizin, 130(26 Sept), 151–171, 1919
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10653558

1919 Infant scurvy
The deleterious effect of the alcalization of infant’s food
Hess, Alfred F
Unger, Lester J
JAMA, 73(18), 1353–1356, 1919.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14866713

1920 Infant scurvy
Scorbutic beading of the ribs
Hess, Alfred J
Unger, Lester J
American Journal of Diseases of Children, 19(5), 331–336, 1920
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10102674

1920
The founders of Naval hygiene: Lind, Trotter, and Blane
Taylor, JS
U.S. Naval Medical Bulletin, 14(4), 563–628, 1920
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10604304

1921
The Vitamine Manual: a Presentation of Essential Data About the New Food Factors
Eddy, Walter H
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18789954

1923 Infant scurvy
Infantile scurvy (Barlow’s disease)
Hess, Alfred F
In: Pediatrics, vol. II, ed. Abt, pp.849–875, 1923
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15465662

1924
Studies in Scurvy. Part I: Examination of the antiscorbutic value of some vegetable products
Höjer, J Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 8–28, 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661233

1924
Studies in scurvy. Part II: Histo-pathological studies
Höjer, J. Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 29–115, 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661249

1924
Studies in scurvy. Part III: Discussion of some scurvy problems
Höjer, J Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 115–140, 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661247

1924
Studies in scurvy. Part IV: Scurvy and tuberculosis
Höjer, J Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 140–171, 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661245

1924
Studies in scurvy. Part V: Records of cases
Höjer, J Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 172–278, 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661241

1924
Studies in scurvy. Figures of histo-pathological examinations
Höjer, J Axel
Acta Paediatrica, III(Supplement), 1924
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661239

1926
Intracellular substances in experimental scorbutus
Wolbach, S Burt
Howe, Percy R
Archives of Pathology, 1(1), 1, 1926
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14526150

1927
L’état actuel de nos connaissances sur les vitamines: Leur application a l’hygiéne publique
[in French]
Funk, Casimir
Rev. d Hyg. et de Med. Prev., 49, 561–580, 1927
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14496889

1928
The symptomatology and gross morphology of experimental scurvy in the guinea pig
Meyer, Arthur W
Stanford University Publications, University Series. Medical Sciences, II(2), 133–170, 1928
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661090

1928
The minute morphology of experimental scurvy in the guinea pig
Meyer, Arthur W
Stanford University Publications, University Series. Medical Sciences, II(2), 171–195, 1928
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661167

1928
Some characteristics of the blood of the guinea pig in experimental scurvy
McCormick, Lewis M
Stanford University Publications, University Series. Medical Sciences, II(2), 199–233, 1928
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661187

1928
The association of bowel disease with vitamin C deficiency
Mackie, FP
Chitre, GD
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 16(1), 77–94, 1928
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14495925

1931
Diätetik und tuberkulose unter besonderer berucksichtigung
des Kalkstoffwechsels und der Bedeutung der Vitamine [in German]
Stub-Christensen, V
Acta Tuberculosea Scandinavica (Kobenh.), 5, 235–263, 1931
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14497159

1932
Recent advances in knowledge of scurvy and the antiscorbutic vitamin
Hess, Alfred F
JAMA, 98(17), 1429–1433, 1932
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14609694

1932
Diet, nutrition and infection
Hess, Alfred F
New England Journal of Medicine, 207(15), 637–648, 1932
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14609616

1934
Pathologic changes in the organs of scorbutic guinea pigs
Bessey, Otto A
Menten, Maud L
King, CG
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 31, 455–460, 1934
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695238

1934
The vitamins and resistance to infection
Robertson, Elizabeth Chant
Medicine, 13(3), 123–206, 1934
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14496927

1934
The influence of nutrition upon resistence to infection
Clausen, SW
Physiological Reviews, 14(3), 309–350, 1934
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14497214

1936
Cardiovascular and arthritic lesions in guinea-pigs
with chronic scurvy and hemolytic streptococcic infections
Schultz, Mark P
Archives of Pathology, 21, 472–495, 1936
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695321

1936
Vitamin C in the treatment of pneumonia [English translation from German]
Gander, J
Niederberger, J
Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 83(51), 2074–2077, 1936
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6406760

1937
Effect of acute scurvy on the guinea-pig heart
McBroom, Josephine
Sunderland, Douglas A
Mote, John R
Archives of Pathology, 23, 20–32, 1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695419

1937
Erfahrungen mit vitamin C in der pneumoniebehandlung [in German]
Gunzel, W
Kroehnert, G
Fortschritte der Therapie, 11(8), 460–463, 1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10933115

1937
Role of vitamin C in resistance
Perla, David
Marmorston, Jessie
Archives of Pathology, 23, 543–575 and 683–712, 1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14527877

1937
Vitamin C in the treatment of croupous pneumonia [English translation from German]
Hochwald, A
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 63(5), 182–184, 1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6406698

1937
Erfahrungen über die behandlung der lungenentzündung mit C-vitamin
[In German; Treatment of inflammation of the lungs with vitamin C]
Vogl, A
Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 84, 1569–1572, 1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15202539

1939
The therapeutic application of vitamin C in peridental disease
Roff, F Stanley
Glazebrook, AJ
Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service, 25, 340–348, 1939
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14609923

1940
Über den wert des C-vitamins in der behandlung einzelner akuter infektionskrankheiten
[in German]
Szirmai, Friedrich
Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medizin, 185, 434–443, 1940
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15202715

1941
Scurvy
Eddy, Walter E
Dalldorf, Gilbert
In: The Avitaminoses: the Chemical, Clinical and Pathological Aspects of the Vitamin Deficiency Diseases 2 ed., 309-357.
Zenodo 2026
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18789515

1944
Some aspects of vitamin C metabolism
Farmer, Chester J
Federation Proceedings, 3, 179–188, 1944
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10931307

1944
Vitamin C economy in the human subject
Pijoan, Michel
Lozner, Eugene L
Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 75(5), 303–314, 1944
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10931162

1946
Severe scurvy: A clinical and hematologic study
Vilter, Richard W
Woolford, Robert M
Spies, Tom D
Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 31(Jun), 609–630, 1946
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10203880

1948
Virus pneumonia and its treatment with vitamin C
Klenner, Fred R
Southern Medicine and Surgery, 110(2), 36–38, 1948
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932789

1949
Der tagesbedarf des erwachsenen an vitamin C
[in German: Adult requirements for vitamin C]
Scheunert, VA
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research 20, 374–386, 1949
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932392

1951
Massive doses of vitamin C and the virus diseases
Klenner, Fred R
Southern Medicine and Surgery, 113(Apr), 101–107, 1951
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14495005

1953
Editor’s foreword
Stewart, CP
Guthrie, Douglas
In: Lind’s Treatise on Scurvy: A Bicentennial Volume 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10604636

1953
The third edition of the [James Lind’s] treatise
Stewart, CP
In: Lind’s Treatise on Scurvy: A Bicentennial Volume 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10604737

1953
The Lind tradition in the Royal Naval Medical Service
Dudley, Sheldon
In: Lind’s Treatise on Scurvy: A Bicentennial Volume 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10605143

1953
James Lind and some of his contemporaries
Guthrie, Douglas
Meiklejohn, AP
In: Lind’s Treatise on Scurvy: A Bicentennial Volume 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10605213

1953
Vitamin C requirement of human adults: Introduction, General Plan, Case Histories, References
Bartley, W
Krebs, HA
O’Brien, JRP
This text contains the case reports of the participants of the final report of the Sheffield study (1953) which examined the requirement for vitamin C.
Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (GB), 280, 73–88, 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661782

1953
Vitamin C requirement of human adults: Concise Account of the Experiment and Summary
Bartley, W
Krebs, HA
O’Brien, JRP
This is sections "Concise Account of the Experiment" "Summary" of the final report of the Sheffield study (1953) which examined the requirement for vitamin C.
Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (GB), 280, 1–21 and 143–144, 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14628064

1953
Vitamin C requirement of human adults: Diet
Bartley, W
Krebs, HA
O’Brien, JRP
This is section "Diet" of the final report of the Sheffield study (1953) which examined the requirement for vitamin C.
Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (GB), 280, 56–69, 1953
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14628199

1960
Can water-soluble vitamins be over-dosed? Research on vitamin C [induced scurvy in guinea pigs]
Gordonoff, T
Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 90(Jul 2), 726–729, 1960
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066294

1967
Colored precipitation reaction of the urine according to Kimbarowski (FARK)
as an index of the effect of ascorbic acid during treatment of viral influenza
[English translation from German]
Kimbarowski, JA
Mokrow, NJ
Deutsche Gesundheitswesen, 22(51), 2413–2418, 1967
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7116182

1970
Ascorbic acid in the complex therapy of acute pneumonia
[English translation from Russian]
Mochalkin, NL
Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal, 9, 17–21, 1970
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7097483

1974
Health problems and vitamin C in Canadian Northern Military operations
Sabiston, Brian H
Radomski, Manny W
Defence Research Board, Department of National Defence.
DCIEM REPORT NO. 74-R-1012, 1974
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7303680

1974 Same data as in 1970
Vitamin C metabolism during the treatment of acute pneumonia with antibiotics
[English translation from Russian]
Mochalkin, NL
Klinicheskaia meditsina, 52(12), 61–65, 1974
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7097562

1975 Same data as in 1970
Vitamin C requirement in patients with acute pneumonia during treatment with antibiotics
[English translation from Russian]
Mochalkin, NL
Vrachebnoe delo, 9, 88–92, 1975
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7097591

1977
On a substance that can make us sick (if we do not eat it!)
Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert
Executive Health, XIII(9), 1–6, 1977
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14671493

1978
How new understandings about the biological function of ascorbic acid
may profoundly affect our lives!
Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert
Executive Health, XIV(8), 1–4, 1978
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14627378

1981
The War Years (1939-1945)
Krebs, Hans
Martin, Anne
In: Reminiscences and Reflections, pp.119–125, 1981
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14866789

1988
Ascorbic acid, carnitine and fatigue
Hughes, R Elwyn
Medical Science Research, 16(14), 721–723, 1988
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932709

1991
Vitamin C.
Panel on Dietary Reference Values
In: Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy
Reports on Health and Social Subjects, 41, 117–122, 1991
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13946536

1994
The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections
Hunt, C
Chakravorty, NK
Annan, G
Habibzadeh, N
Schorah, CJ
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 63(3), 212–219, 1994
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6406235

1997
Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to the common cold
Hemilä, Harri
British Journal of Nutrition, 77(1), 59-72, 1997
https://zenodo.org/records/18340043

2000

2003
Scurvy in pediatric patients: a review of 28 cases
Ratanachu-Ek, Suntaree
Sukswai, Pisit
Jeerathanyasakun, Yongyot
Wongtapradit, Lawan
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 86(Suppl 3), S734–S740, 2003
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7756608

2006
Do vitamins C and E affect respiratory infections?
Hemilä, Harri
https://zenodo.org/records/6395596

2007
Vitamin C may affect lung infections
Hemilä, Harri
Louhiala, Pekka
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 100(11), 495-498, 2007
https://zenodo.org/records/18339295

2017
Vitamin C and Infections
Hemilä, Harri
Nutrients, 9(4), 339, 2017
https://zenodo.org/records/18339873

2023
Abrupt termination of vitamin C from ICU patients may increase mortality: secondary analysis of the LOVIT trial
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77(4), 490-494, 2022
https://zenodo.org/records/18339187

2024
The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. 1.
Observations and descriptions by Hess, Lind, Trotter and Blane
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10685194

2024
Vitamin C deficiency can lead to pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review of case reports
Hemilä, Harri
de Man, Angelique ME
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 24(1), 140, 2024
https://zenodo.org/records/17549428

2024
Rebound effect explains the divergence in survival after 5 days in a controlled trial on vitamin C for COVID-19 patients
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1391346, 2024
https://zenodo.org/records/18339734

2024
Vitamin C for patients with sepsis?
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1450091, 2024
https://zenodo.org/records/18339641

2025
Vitamin C for the common cold and pneumonia
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 135(1), 16926, 2025
https://zenodo.org/records/18339256

2025
Effect of vitamin C deprivation on the duration of colds in the Sheffield study (1953):
a statistical analysis
Hemilä, Harri
Zenodo 2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14717360

2026
Are the UK’s vitamin C recommendations evidence-based? A critical comment
Hemilä, Harri
Chalker, Elizabeth
British Journal of Nutrition, 2025
https://zenodo.org/records/18339496