Version May 29, 2012
Study Animal Exposure |
Vit C | Control | Difference | Significance P(1-tail) |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. in group |
No. in group |
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Dey-1966 Rat Tetanus toxin inj. 2×MLD |
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Vit C
before or simultaneusly with toxin |
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Animals | 10 | 5 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 5 | -100% | .0002 |
Vit C
after signs of tetanus appeared |
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Animals | 15 | 5 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 5 | -100% | .00004 |
Eichbaum-1977 Rat Tetanus toxin inj. 2×MLD |
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Animals | 5 | 5 | ||
Convulsions or death in 5 hours | 0 | 5 | -100% | .002 |
Mortality in 6 days | 3 | 5 | -40% | .1 |
Frezza-1957 Rats Tetanus toxin inj |
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Tetanus
toxin 10×MLD Vit C 100 mg/kg |
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Animals | 8 | 8 | ||
Survival time in hours In parenthesis: the number of animals with the survival time |
30;54; 60(2); 72(2); 78(2) |
54(3); 60(2); 66(3) |
+10% in median survival time (66 vs. 60 h) |
.065 |
Tetanus toxin 20×MLD Vit C 100 mg/kg |
||||
Animals | 8 | 8 | ||
Survival time in hours In parenthesis: the number of animals with the survival time |
21(3); 24; 27(2); 33;39 |
18; 21(2); 24(2) 27(3) |
+6% in median survival time (25.5 vs. 24 h) |
.2 |
Tetanus toxin 10×MLD Vit C 200 mg/kg |
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Animals | 8 | 8 | ||
Survival time in hours In parenthesis: the number of animals with the survival time |
21;54; 72;84; 102(2); 114; 138 |
54(3); 60(2); 66(3) |
+55% in median survival time (93 vs. 60 h) |
.007 |
Ghosh-1938 Guinea pig Tetanus toxin inj. 1×MLD |
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100 mg
ascorbic acid inj. 1 min after tetanus toxin |
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Animals | 9 | 6 | ||
Mortality | 5 | 6 | -44% | .047 |
100 mg neutralized
ascorbic acid inj. 1 min after tetanus toxin |
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Animals | 4 | 6 | ||
Mortality | 4 | 6 | ||
100
mg ascorbic acid inj. 1 min before tetanus toxin |
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Animals | 4 | 6 | ||
Mortality | 2 | 6 | 0.07 | |
50 mg/day ascorbic
acid fed for 6 days before tetanus toxin |
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Animals | 6 | 6 | ||
Mortality | 5 | 6 | 0.3 | |
20 mg/day ascorbic
acid inj. for 6 days before tetanus toxin |
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Animals | 6 | 6 | ||
Mortality | 6 | 6 |
Study Animal Exposure |
Vit C | Control | Difference | Significance P(1-tail) |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. in group |
No. in group |
|||
Dey-1965 Mice Strychnine inj. |
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Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 1000 mg/kg |
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Animals | 10 | 20 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 20 | -100% | <.000001 |
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 2000 mg/kg |
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Animals | 10 | 20 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 20 | -100% | <.000001 |
Dey-1967 Mice Strychnine inj | ||||
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 50 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 10 | 10 | ||
Mortality | 6 | 10 | -40% | .022 |
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 100 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 10 | 10 | ||
Mortality | 4 | 10 | -60% | .003 |
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 500 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 10 | 10 | ||
Mortality | 2 | 10 | -80% | .0002 |
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 1000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 10 | 10 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 10 | -100% | .000003 |
Strychnine
2 mg/kg Vit C 2000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 10 | 10 | ||
Mortality | 0 | 10 | -100% | .000003 |
ED50 value for vitamin C | ED50=76 mg/kg (95%CI: 19-149) |
P(2-tail)=.0006 Test of trend over vit C doses in PROBIT analysis | ||
Eichbaum-1977 Mice Strychnine inj. |
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Strychnine 0.35
mg/kg Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 40 | 40 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 0 | 1 | ||
Strychnine 0.5
mg/kg Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 25 | 25 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 1 | 4 | -75% | .11 |
Strychnine 0.7
mg/kg Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg |
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Animals | 40 | 40 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 3 | 18 | -83% | .00007 |
Strychnine 1.0 mg/kg
Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg |
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Animals | 25 | 25 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 4 | 13 | -69% | .005 |
Strychnine 1.4 mg/kg
Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg |
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Animals | 40 | 40 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 18 | 30 | -40% | .004 |
Strychnine 2.0 mg/kg
Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 25 | 25 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 20 | 23 | -13% | .14 |
Strychnine 2.8 mg/kg
Vit C dose 1000 mg/kg | ||||
Animals | 40 | 40 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 34 | 40 | -15% | .007 |
LD50 values for strychnine: | LD50=1.50 mg/kg (95%CI: 1.33-1.70) |
LD50=0.88 mg/kg (95%CI: 0.78-0.99) |
P(2-tail)<.000001 Test of vit C and control difference in PROBIT analysis |
|
Eichbaum-1977 Fish Strychnine in water |
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Strychnine 50 mg/l Vit C dose 500 mg/l |
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Animals | 120 | 120 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 32 | 88 | -63% | <.000001 |
Strychnine
60 mg/l Vit C dose 500 mg/l |
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Animals | 120 | 120 | ||
Mortality in 2 hours | 43 | 99 | -56% | <.000001 |
Jahan-1984 Chicken Strychnine inj. |
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Strychnine 5 µg per
chick Vit C dose 30 mg/chick |
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Animals | 15 | 15 | ||
Wings stretched | 0 | 15 | -100% | <.000001 |
Mortality | 0 | 0 | ||
Strychnine 10 µg per
chick Vit C dose 30 mg/chick |
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Animals | 15 | 15 | ||
Extensor paralysis | 3 | 15 | -80% | .000003 |
Mortality | 0 | 12 | -100% | .000003 |
Time (min) | Vitamin C concentration in plasma | Mortality in the group | Effect on Mortality | |
mg/100 ml | µmol/l | |||
15 | 6.0 | 341 | 0/10 | -100% |
30 | 2.4 | 136 | 0/10 | -100% |
60 | 1.04 | 59 | 5/10 | -50% |
120 | 0.86 | 49 | 10/10 | 0% |
Control, no vitamin C administation | 0.66 | 38 | Not tested |