A
2025 review on vitamin C for the
common cold:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39803741
A
2023 meta-analysis on vitamin C and severity of
colds:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38082300
See
Discussion of the Cochrane review
in:
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/228088
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244785237
https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.261
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/H/2008_L_EBCH.pdf
In
2016
we
updated
the
review, and the updated review is available
here:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/CochraneColds_2016.pdf
Cochrane
Collaboration rejected the
2016 update for
reasons that are not related to the scientific validity of the
review.
Our responses to the comments of
Nuala
Livingstone and Toby Lasserson (Cochrane Central Editorial Unit) are
available
here:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/CEU_responses.pdf
There
are 43 responses by us and 27 of the are related to reporting and do
not challenge the validity of our review.
Some comments reveal
that Nuala Livingstone and Toby Lasserson did not properly read our
update, see eg pages 9, 14, 19-21.
We also received
comments from Mark Jones from the Cochrane Acute Respiratory
Infections (ARI) group, and our responses to his comments are
here:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/MarkJones_responses.pdf
Before
those two comments, we had received two comments from Cochrane ARI
group editors, and our responses to his comments are
here:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/ARI_July2016_responses.pdf
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/ARI_Oct2016_responses.pdf
In
the July 2016 comments, we followed 18 of the 28 instructions and
asked for clarifications for 9 comments, since the ARI comments were
not always clear.
In the Oct 2016 there were 20 new comments and
we followed 12 instructions and had a few questions for
clarifications.
The rejection decision in February 2017 by
Chris Del Mar did not point out any specific scientific reasons for
the
rejection:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/ChrisDelMar_2017_comments.pdf
None
of the above comments pointed out any genuine scientific problems in
our 2016 update; please, read the comments and responses yourself.
Harri Hemil?
Department
of Public Health
University
of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
harri.hemila@helsinki.fi
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila
Feb
7, 2025
Papers on vitamin C and the common
cold:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/vitc_colds.htm
The
impact of Linus
Pauling in
the initiation of the series of
controlled trials in the 1970s:
see a brief summary with links
at:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/pauling
For
the problems
in flawed meta-analyses and reviews
on
vitamin C and the common cold, see summaries
at:
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/flawed_vitC_colds.htm
Abbott
1968 ch Abbott
1968 bm Abbott
1968 PubMed
Anderson
TW,
Reid DB, Beaton GH. Vitamin C and the common cold: a double-blind
trial. Can Med Assoc J. 1972;
107: 503-508.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1940935
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1972_ch.pdf
Correction
1.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1941144
Correction
2.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1941189
Comments.
Spero
LM, Anderson TW. Letter: Ascorbic acid and common colds. Br Med J.
1973; 4(5888): 354.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.4.5888.354-b
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1587404
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1931101
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1940927
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-099.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-100.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-101.html
Terence Anderson was the most important researcher on vitamin C and the common cold, as he carried out three RCTs in early 1970s.
Therefore, his summaries of the findings are particularly relevant:
Anderson
TW. Large-scale trials of vitamin C. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1975; 258:
498-504.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29308.x
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1106301
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1975_AnnNY.pdf
Anderson
TW. Vitamin therapy: too much or too little? Can Fam Physician. 1975;
21: 65-68.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2274569
Anderson
TW. Large scale studies with vitamin C. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1977;
31(1-5): 43-50.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672005
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/350027
Anderson
TW. New horizons for vitamin C. Nutrition Today 1977; 12(1):
6-13.
https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/citation/1977/01000/new_horizons_for_vitamin_c.3
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C: cure for the common cold? Am Pharm. 1979; 19:
46-48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-3450(15)32756-2
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C and the common cold. J Med Soc N J. 1979; 76(11):
765-766.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672473
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/291727
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C and the common cold. N Y State J Med. 1979; 79(8):
1292-1293.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672763
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/287927
Anderson
TW,
Suranyi G, Beaton GH. The effect on winter illness of large doses of
vitamin C. Can Med Assoc J. 1974;
111: 31-36.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1947567
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1974_ch.pdf
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-121.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-122.html
Anderson
TW,
Beaton GH, Corey P, Spero L. Winter illness and vitamin C: the effect
of relatively low doses. Can Med Assoc J. 1975;
112: 823-826.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1958969
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1975_ch.pdf
Asfora
1977 Doi
Audera
2001_Doi
Audera
2001 PubMed
Bancalari
1984 Translation
Bancalari
1984 PubMed Bancalari
1984 in Spanish ch Bancalari
1984 in Spanish
bm
https://www.academia.edu/89820861
https://www.academia.edu/69787592
Briggs
1984 ch Briggs
1984 bm Briggs
1984 Reference List
Brown
1945
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.50.3.161
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Brown_1945_bm.pdf
Manwaring
1945 commentary
Carillo
2008 Doi Carillo
2008 PubMed
Carr
1981_Doi Carr
1981 Carr
1981 PubMed Carr
1981 ch Carr
1981 bm
Carr
1981 MJA Doi Carr
1981 MJA ch Carr
1981 MJA bm Carr
1981 MJA PubMed
Carr
1981 Clin Chem Carr
1981 Clin Chem PubMed
Martin
1982
Carson
1975 Doi Carson
1975 PubMed Carson
1975 ch Carson
1975 bm
Carson
1974 BMJ letter PMC Carson
1974 BMJ letter BMJ Carson
1974 ch
Charleston
1972 Doi Charleston
1972 PubMed Charleston
1972 ch Charleston
1972 bm
Clegg
1974 Doi Clegg
1974 ch Clegg
1974 bm Clegg
1974 PubMed
See inclusion in the
meta-analysis of UK trials in Hemilä
1997a
Clegg
1975 Doi Clegg
1975 PubMed
Clegg
1975 Abstract pp 7A-8A doi
See
inclusion in the meta-analysis of UK trials in Hemilä
1997a
Constantini
2011
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/228085
https://www.academia.edu/17790460
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1270-z
Coulehan
1974 Doi Coulehan
1974 ch Coulehan
1974 bm Coulehan
1974 PubMed
Coulehan
1975 AnnNY Coulehan
1975 PubMed
Coulehan
1976 Doi Coulehan
1976 ch Coulehan
1976 bm Coulehan
1976 PubMed
Coulehan
1977 Letter NEJM
Cowan
DW, Diehl
HS, Baker AB. Vitamins for the prevention of colds. JAMA.
1942;120(16):1268-71.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14674396
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1942.02830510006002
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-096.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-097.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-098.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-099.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-100.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-101.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-029.html
Cowan
1950 Doi Cowan
1950 ch Cowan
1950 bm Cowan
1950 PubMed
Dahlberg
1944 Doi Dahlberg
1944 ch Dahlberg
1944 bm
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-023.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-024.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-025.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-026.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-027.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-028.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-029.html
Dick
1990 ch Dick
1990 bm
Mink
1988 ch Mink
1988 bm
Shult
1990 ch Shult
1990 bm
Jennings
1990 bm
Elliott
1973 Doi
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-091.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-092.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-095.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/18/18-096.html
Elwood
1976 Doi Elwood
1976 PMC Elwood
1976 Jstor Elwood
1976 ch Elwood
1976 PubMed
See inclusion in the
meta-analysis of UK trials in Hemilä
1997a
Elwood
1977 ch Elwood
1977 bm Elwood
1977 PubMed
Franz
1956 Doi Franz
1956 ch Franz
1956 bm Franz
1956 PubMed
Himmelstein
1996 Sedentary participants are included
Himmelstein
1996
Himmelstein
1998 Sedentary participants are included
Himmelstein
1998 html copy Himmelstein
1998 pdf copy
https://www.academia.edu/66783857
Johnston
2014 Doi Johnston
2014 PubMed Johnston
2014 PMC
Johnston
2014 Abstract
Osterday
2011 MSc thesis Other
Karlowski
1975 Doi Karlowski
1975 ch Karlowski
1975 bm Karlowski
1975 PubMed
Additional data published in Lewis
1975 Doi Lewis
1975 ch Lewis
1975 PubMed
See a re-analysis of
the Karlowski trial by Hemilä
1996
and analysis of dose
dependency in Hemilä
1999a and Hemilä2022
See comments on the re-analysis by Chalmers (1996)
and reply to Chalmers by Hemilä(1996)
See further statistical comments of the Karlowski
trial in Hemilä
2006 Stat Med Hemilä
2006 Stat Med
As to the
particular influence of the Karlowski RCT, see Hemilä2022
Liljefors
1972 Translation Liljefors
1972 PubMed
Liljefors
1972 ch Swedish Liljefors
1972 bm Swedish
Ludvigsson
1977 Doi Ludvigsson
1977 ch Ludvigsson
1977 bm Ludvigsson
1977 PubMed
https://www.academia.edu/69567236
Miller
1977 Doi Miller
1977 ch Miller
1977 bm Miller
1977 PubMed
Discussion1
Discussion2
Miller
1978 ch Miller
1978 bm Miller
1978 PubMed
Moolla
1996 Moolla
1996 University of Cape Town Moolla
1996
Peters
1993 Doi Peters
1993 PubMed
Peters
1994 Letter AJCN Peters
1994 Letter
Peters
1996
https://doi.org/10.17159/2078-516X/1996/v3i1a914
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13912478
Peters
1996 ch Peters
1996 bm
Pitt
1979 Doi Pitt
1979 ch Pitt
1979 bm Pitt
1979 PubMed
https://www.academia.edu/78271637
See inclusion in the meta-analysis of pneumonia trials in Hemilä
2013
Regnier
1968 Doi Regnier
1968 ch Regnier
1968 bm Regnier
1968 PubMed
Ritzel
1961 Translation Ritzel
1961 PubMed
Ritzel
1961 in German ch Ritzel
1961 in German bm
Ritzel
1976 letter Doi Ritzel
1976 Letter ch Ritzel
1976 PubMed
Ritzel
biography
Pauling
NB 33 30 Pauling
NB 33 33
Sasazuki
2006 Doi Sasazuki
2006 PubMed
Sabiston
1974_Doi Sabiston
1974 ch Sabiston
1974 bm ( Sabiston
1974 DRDS ) Sabiston
1974 Abstract
Schenuert
1949
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932392
Scheunert
1949 ch Scheunert
1949 bm
Schwartz
1973 Doi Schwartz
1973 ch Schwartz
1973 bm Schwartz
1973 PubMed
Tebrock
1956 Doi Tebrock
1956 ch Tebrock
1956 bm Tebrock
1956 PubMed
Tyrrell
1977 Doi Tyrrell
1977 PMC Tyrrell
1977 Jstor Tyrrell
1977 ch Tyrrell
1977 PubMed
See meta-analysis
of UK trials in Hemilä
1997a and sex-vitamin C interaction in Hemila
2008
Van
Straten 2002 Doi Van
Straten 2002 PubMed
Walker
1967 Doi Walker
1967 PubMed Walker
1967 PMC Walker
1967 ch
Wilson
1969 ch Wilson
1969 bm (Abstract)
Wilson
1973 Eur J Clin Pharmacol 6;(3):196-202 Wilson
1973 PubMed
Wilson
1973 Eur J Clin Pharmacol 6;(1):26-32 Wilson
1973 PubMed
Wilson
1973 Lancet 301:638-41 (Duplicate publication)
Wilson
1973 Pubmed
Summary of the trial in Wilson
1975 Ann NY Acad Sci Wilson
1975 Ann NY Acad Sci Wilson
1975 Ann NY Acad Sci
Comments in: Kinlen L, Peto R
(1973) Lancet
301:944 ** reply in (1973);301:1058-9
Baird
1979 DOI Baird
1979 PubMed
See meta-analysis of UK
trials in Hemilä
1997a and sex-vitamin C interaction in Hemila
2008
Barnes
1961 ch Barnes
1961 bm Barnes
1961 PubMed
Bartley 1953 (The Sheffield study)
Hemilä
H. Effect of vitamin C deprivation on the duration of colds in the
Sheffield study (1953): a statistical analysis. Zenodo, 2025.
[Reanalysis of the common cold
data]
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14717360
Vitamin
C requirement of human adults. Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (GB).
1953;280:1-179.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13119061
Krebs
HA. The Sheffield experiment on the vitamin C requirement of human
adults. Proc Nutr Soc. 1953;12(3):237-46.
https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19530054
Introduction;
Historical Account; Case Reports; References. In: Vitamin C
requirement of human adults. Spec Rep Ser Med Res Counc (GB).
1953;280:1-8,73-88,176-9.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661782
Bendel
1955 Translation Bendel
1955 PubMed
Bessel-Lorck
1959 Translation
Bessel-Lorck
1959 in German ch Bessel-Lorck
1959 in German bm
Boines
1956 ch Boines
1956 bm Boines
1956 PubMed
Chavance
1993 ch Chavance
1993 PubMed
Dyllick
1967 Translation
Fogelholm
1998 Abstract, see p 16A
Glazebrook
AJ, Thomson
S. The administration of vitamin C in a large institution and its
effect on general health and resistance to infection. J Hyg (Lond).
1942;42:1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400012596
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2199803
Related
papers:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2239225
[Description of the
trial]
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2162337
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2164503
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2164703
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2210931
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2286225
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14609923
Pauling’s
comments:
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-103.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-034.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-035.html
See inclusion in the meta-analysis of UK trials in Hemilä
1997a
See inclusion in the
meta-analysis of pneumonia trials in Hemilä
2013
Gormly
1977 Doi Gormly
1977 PubMed
Gorton
1999 Doi Gorton
1999 PubMed
Himmelstein
1996 Marathon runners are excluded Himmelstein
1996
Himmelstein
1998 Marathon runners are excluded Himmelstein
1998 html copy Himmelstein
1998 pdf copy
Hunt_1994
Hunt
1994 ch Hunt
1994 bm Hunt
1994 PubMed
See inclusion in the
meta-analysis of pneumonia trials in Hemilä
2013
Jain
2002 Doi
Kimbarowski
1967 translation
Kimbarowski
1967 German ch Kimbarowski
1967 German bm Kimbarowski
1967 PubMed
See inclusion in the
meta-analysis of pneumonia trials in Hemilä
2013
Koytchev
2003 PubMed
Maggini
2012 Doi Maggini
2012 pdf Maggini
2012 PubMed
Masek
1974 PubMed
Niemi
1951 Abstract in English Niemi
1951
Pico
Sirvent 2013 Poster.pdf
Renker
1954 Translation Renker
1954 PubMed
Schmidt
2011 PubMed
Other
Citations in Cochrane Review
Akaike
2001 Doi
Anderson
TW.
Large scale studies with vitamin C. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1977;
31(1-5): 43-50.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672005
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/350027
Other reviews by Anderson:
Anderson
TW. Large-scale trials of vitamin C. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1975; 258:
498-504.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29308.x
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1106301
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1975_AnnNY.pdf
Anderson
TW. Vitamin therapy: too much or too little? Can Fam Physician. 1975;
21: 65-68.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2274569
Anderson
TW. New horizons for vitamin C. Nutrition Today 1977; 12(1):
6-13.
https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/citation/1977/01000/new_horizons_for_vitamin_c.3
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1977_NutToday.pdf
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C: cure for the common cold? Am Pharm. 1979; 19:
46-48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-3450(15)32756-2
https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC/Anderson_1979.pdf
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C and the common cold. J Med Soc N J. 1979; 76(11):
765-766.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672473
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/291727
Anderson
TW. Vitamin C and the common cold. N Y State J Med. 1979; 79(8):
1292-1293.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672763
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/287927
Anderson
2008 DOI
Balk
2002 Doi
Bee
1980 Doi Bee
1980 bm Bee
1980 PubMed
Briggs
1984 Ref List
Campbell
1975 Doi Campbell
1975 ch Campbell
1975 PubMed
Carpenter
KJ. The
History of Scurvy and Vitamin C. Cambridge University Press:
Cambridge, UK,
1986.
https://www.cambridge.org/fi/academic/subjects/history/history-medicine/history-scurvy-and-vitamin-c
https://archive.org/details/historyofscurvyv0000carp
https://archive.org/details/historyofscurvyv0000carp_l0m0
Book
reviews:
https://doi.org/10.1086/354301
https://doi.org/10.2307/204671
https://doi.org/10.1038/324177a0
https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/92.4.927
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.3.599
https://doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.4.2.198
https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/42.3.386
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330770314
https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19880320246
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400024602
https://doi.org/10.1177/027046769001000241
https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(88)90148-9
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987.03390130133051
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1139720
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc1491777
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc2589114
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5379445
Castro
2006 Doi
Cathcart
1981 Doi Cathcart
1981 PubMed paper
available via links
Chalmers
1975 Doi Chalmers
1975 PubMed Chalmers
1975 ch Chalmers
1975 bm
See problems of the Chalmers:
In: Do vitamins C and E affect respiratory infections? Thesis
2006 pp. 36-38
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/20335
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395595
Clausen
1934
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14497214
[vitamin C sections]
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1934.14.3.309
Cook
2007 Doi Cook
2007 PMC Cook
2007 PubMed
Corbett
2013 Doi
Davies
1979 Doi Davies
1979 PubMed
Dykes
1975 Doi Dykes
1975 PubMed Dykes
1975 ch
See problems of the Dykes-Meier
review:
In: Do vitamins C and E affect
respiratory infections? Thesis 2006 pp. 42-45
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/20335
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395595
Eccles
2005 Doi
Eccles
2009 Doi
Eccles
2013 DOI Eccles
2013
Fendrick
2003 DOI Fendrick
2003
Gonzales
1997 Doi
Gotzsche
1989 Doi Gotzsche
1989 ch Gotzsche
1989 bm
Gotzsche
refers to Braenden:
Braenden
OJ. The common cold: A new approach. IRCS Journal of International
Research Communications 1973; 1(7):
42.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14438971
Heikkinen
2003 Doi
Hemilä
1992 Doi Hemilä
1992 Hemilä1992
Hemilä
1992 PubMed
Hemilä
1994 Doi Hemilä
1994 Hemilä
1994 Hemilä
1994 PubMed
Hemilä
1995 Doi Hemilä
1995 Doi Hemilä
1995 PubMed
Hemilä
1996 Doi Hemilä
1996a Hemilä
1996a Hemilä
1996a PubMed
Discussion: Chalmers
1996 Hemilä
1996d Hemilä
1996d Hemilä
1996d
Hemilä
1996a Doi Hemilä
1996a Hemilä
1996a Hemilä
1996b PubMed
Hemilä
1996b Doi Hemila
1996b Hemilä
1996b Hemilä
1996c PubMed
Hemilä
1997_Doi
Hemilä
1997 Hemilä
1997 Hemilä
1997 PubMed
Hemilä
1997a Doi Hemilä
1997a Hemilä1997a
Hemilä
1997 PubMed
Discussion:
1997a
comments 1997a
comments
Hemilä
1997b Marcel Decker
Hemilä
1999 Doi Hemilä
1999 Hemilä
1999 Hemilä
1999 PubMed
Hemilä
1999a IJTLD Hemilä
1999a Hemilä
1999a PubMed
Hemilä
2004 Doi Hemilä
2004 Hemilä
2004 PubMed
Hemilä
2006 Thesis Hemilä
2006 Thesis
Hemilä
2006a Doi Hemilä
2006a PubMed
Hemilä2006b
Doi Hemilä
2006c manuscript Hemilä
2006b
Hemilä
2007 -- > 2013 update:
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/225862
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005532.pub3
References
to the Cochrane review vitamin C and pneumonia
See a short summary and discussion in: Hemilä
2008
Hemilä
2008 Doi Hemila
2008 Hemilä
2008
Hemilä2009
Doi Hemilä
2009 PubMed
Hemilä
2011 Doi Hemilä
2011 PMC Hemilä
2011 PubMed
Hemilä
2011a Doi Hemilä
2011a PMC Hemilä
2011a PubMed
Hemilä
2013 Doi Hemilä
2013 PMC Hemilä
2013 PubMed
Hemilä
2013a Doi Hemilä
2013a PMC Hemilä
2013a PubMed
Hemilä
2014 Doi Hemilä
2014 PMC Hemilä
2014 PubMed
Hemilä
2015 Doi Hemilä
2015 PMC Hemilä
2015 PubMed
Higgins
2003 Doi
Hrobjartsson
2010 Doi
Hume
1973 Doi Hume
1973 PubMed
IOM
https://doi.org/10.17226/9810
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225483
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225480
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/9810/chapter/7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077263
Ji
1999_Doi
Kleijnen
1989 in Dutch Kleijnen
1989 in Dutch Kleijnen
1989 in Dutch Kleijnen
1989 in English
Kleijnen
1989 Ref List
See problems of the Kleijnen
review:
In: Do vitamins C and E affect
respiratory infections? Thesis 2006 pp. 38-40
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/20335
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395595
Kleijnen
1992 Doi Kleijnen
1992 PubMed
Korbsch
1938 Translation
Levine
1996 Doi Levine
1996 PMC
Levine
1999 Doi Levine
1999 PubMed
Louhiala
2014 Doi Louhiala
2014 handle
Lydersen
2009 Doi Lydersen
2009 PubMed
Markwell
1947 Doi Markwell
1947_PubMed Markwell
1947 Markwell
1947
Mosdol
2008 Doi Mosdol
2008 PubMed
Nualart
2003 Doi Nualart
2003 PubMed
Padayatty
2004 Doi
Pauling 1970a book "Vitamin C and
the common cold"
Wiki
Links
to book reviews of the 1970 book
A
short background to the book
In: Do
vitamins C and E affect respiratory infections? Thesis 2006
pp. 11-13,
28, 35-36
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/20335
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6395595
Pauling
1970b Doi Pauling
1970b PMC
Pauling
1971a Doi Pauling
1971a PMC
Pauling
1971a manuscript
:
https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/mm/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584639X101-doc
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-103.html
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/33/33-032.html
Pauling
1971b
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/24.11.1294
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4940368
Pauling
1976a book "Vitamin C, the common cold, and the flu"
Links
to book reviews of the 1976
book
https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/rnb/31/31-269.html
Perla
1937
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14527877
[sections on vitamin
C]
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-193405000-00001
Shamseer
L,
Vohra S, Bax R, Spee L, Madderom M, Hemilä H. Commentaries on
‘Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold’ with
responses from the review author. Evid Based Child Health: A Cochrane
Rev J. 2008;
3: 723-728.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244785237
https://hdl.handle.net/10138/228088
https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.261
Thomas
1978 PMC
Wang
1997 Doi
Webb
2007 Doi