Title: Scaling up civil society: Donor money, NGOs and the pastoralist land rights movement in Tanzania Author(s): Igoe J Source: DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE 34 (5): 863-885 NOV 2003 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 42 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Tanzania's pastoralist land rights movement began with local resistance to the alienation of traditional grazing lands in Maasai and Barabaig communities. While these community-based social movements were conducted through institutions and relationships that local people knew and understood, they were not co-ordinated in a comprehensive fashion and their initial effectiveness was limited. With the advent of liberalization in the mid-1980s, they began to gain institutional legitimacy through the registration of pastoralist Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Registered NGOs provided community leaders with a formal mechanism for co-ordinating local land movements and for advocating for land rights at the international level. The connections of pastoralist NGOs to disenfranchised communities, and their incorporation of traditional cultural institutions into modern institutional structures, resonated with the desires of international donors to support civil society and to create an effective public sphere in Tanzania, making these NGOs an attractive focus for donor funding. In spite of their good intentions, however, donors frequently overlooked the institutional impacts of their assistance on the pastoralist land rights movement and the formation of civil society in pastoralist communities. NGO leaders have become less accountable to their constituent communities, and the movement itself has lost momentum as its energies have been diverted into activities that can be justified in donor funding reports. A political movement geared towards specific outcomes has been transformed into group of apolitical institutions geared toward the process of donor funding cycles. Title: The Islamic soccer league in Israel: Setting moral boundaries by taming the wild Author(s): Sorek T Source: IDENTITIES-GLOBAL STUDIES IN CULTURE AND POWER 9 (4): 445-470 OCT-DEC 2002 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 38 Times Cited: 1 Title: A democratic critique of cosmopolitan democracy: Pragmatism from the bottom-up Author(s): Cochran M Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 8 (4): 517-548 DEC 2002 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 37 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This article begins by critically evaluating recent work on cosmopolitan democracy by David Held. I argue that where cosmopolitan democrats should now focus their energies is in filling a significant gap that Held's inquiries have left open - an exploration of what 'bottom-up' processes bring to cosmopolitan democracy, more specifically the work of problem-solving, publicity and advocacy that takes place in sites that are referred to as international public spheres (IPSs). The next stage for the literature on cosmopolitan democracy must continue the work that James Bohman and John Dryzek have begun; that is, theorizing the role of bottom-up processes, in particular how IPSs and their members - individuals - work together in making their shared views authoritative in international decision-making. However, I argue that a pragmatist understanding of this key democratic concept, as opposed to the deliberative ones used by Bohman and Dryzek, is better suited to this endeavour. Author Keywords: cosmopolitan democracy; Dewey; deliberative democracy; Habermas; international public spheres; international regimes; NGOs; pragmatism; social movements Title: Globalizations and social movements: Culture, power, and the transnational public sphere. Author(s): Smith J Source: SOCIAL FORCES 81 (1): 374-376 SEP 2002 Document Type: Book Review Language: English Title: Globalization and transnational diffusion between social movements: Reconceptualizing the dissemination of the Gandhian repertoire and the "coming out" routine Author(s): Chabot S, Duyvendak JW Source: THEORY AND SOCIETY 31 (6): 697-740 DEC 2002 Document Type: Article Language: English Title: Escraches: demonstrations, communication and political memory in post-dictatorial Argentina Author(s): Kaiser S Source: MEDIA CULTURE & SOCIETY 24 (4): 499-+ JUL 2002 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 30 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: This article examines Escraches, a new form of political demonstration in post-dictatorial Argentina where hundreds of torturers and assassins, responsible for the torture and disappearance of 30,000 people, have benefited from amnesty laws. The lack of truth and accountability has had social and cultural consequences. The demonstrations, which challenge legalized impunity, engage with contemporary issues of memory and communication concerning the 'Dirty War' of 1976-83. The research focuses particularly on public sphere reactions to these communication strategies among young people with no direct personal memory of the violent repression that took place. The analysis is based on empirical data collected during 1998 through extensive interviews with young people from Buenos Aires. Title: Globalizations and social movements: Culture, power, and the transnational public sphere. Author(s): Meyer DS Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 107 (2): 518-520 SEP 2001 Document Type: Book Review Language: English Title: Globalizations and social movements. Culture, power, and the transnational public sphere Author(s): Vanya M Source: SOCIOLOGIA 33 (6): 603-606 FAL 2001 Document Type: Book Review Language: English Title: Anti-nuclear movements: Failed projects or heralds of a direct action milieu? Author(s): Welsh I Source: SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ONLINE 6 (3): U163-U184 NOV 30 2001 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 61 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This paper adopts a qualitative approach to argue that direct action social movements originating within the environmental and anti-nuclear milieu of the 1970s can be characterised by a process of capacity building. Capacity building adopts Melucci's argument that social movements are 'networks of networks'. The notion of capacity building is elaborated in terms of the mobilisation potential of movement actors and the diffusion of movement repertoires within the public sphere more generally. Empirically the paper draws on fieldwork covering 1970s / 1980s movement cross-overs in the UK and the conclusions are informed by recent ESRC sponsored work (R 000 22 3486) on the global 'anti-capitalist' movement. Title: Gender and the public sphere: Alternative forms of integration in nineteenth-century America Author(s): Rabinovitch E Source: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY 19 (3): 344-370 NOV 2001 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 88 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This paper intends to evaluate two competing models of multicultural integration in stratified societies: the "multiple publics" model of Nancy Fraser and the "fragmented public sphere" model of Jeffrey Alexander. Fraser and Alexander disagree oil whether or not claims to a general "common good" or "common humanity" are democratically legitimate in light of systemic inequality. Fraser rejects the idea that cultural integration can be democratic in conditions of social inequality, while Alexander accepts it and tries to explain how it may be realized. In order to address this debate, I analyze the cultural foundations of the female-led, maternally themed social movements of nineteenth-century America. The language of these movements supports Alexander's position over Fraser's, though it also suggests that Alexander is mistaken in the specifics of his cultural theory of a general and democratic "common good." While Alexander's model of integration is structured uniquely by what he and Philip Smith have called "the discourse of civil society," the evidence suggests a distinctly alternative, equally democratic code at play in this case, which I have labeled a discourse of affection and compassion. Title: Spatial governance and working class public spheres: The case of a chartist demonstration at Hyde Park Author(s): Roberts JM Source: JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY 14 (3): 308-336 SEP 2001 Document Type: Review Language: English Cited References: 138 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The concepts of the public sphere and public space have gained increasing purchase within social history. This paper contributes to this literature by theoretically developing a critical approach to both concepts. By drawing upon the insights of the Bakhtin circle, as well as Marxism and Poststructuralism, the paper suggests that public spheres under capitalism are structured through the basic contradiction between capital and labour. Each public sphere may then be seen as a refracted dialogic and spatial form of this basic contradiction, and is then best viewed as a contradictory spatial entity that obtains its unique identity through different "accent" and "word signs". The capitalist state must aim to regulate, through governance and law, dialogue within a public sphere. By focusing on the Chartist demonstration at Hyde Park, London in 1855, I show how these theories can be employed to explore how a radical social movement appropriated space by developing a working class public sphere. Title: Online forums and the enlargement of public space: Research findings from a European project Author(s): Tsaliki L Source: JAVNOST-THE PUBLIC 9 (2): 95-112 MAY 2002 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 31 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: This paper has focused on online political forums as newly emerged public spaces that contribute to the enhancement of public deliberation. Its aim has been to study the deliberative feature of the Internet and assess the extent to which ordinary citizens contribute to the political process through public debate online. The main research question is concerned with the way in which the Internet facilitates participation in politics, enables democratic deliberation, and provides a forum for reasoned argumentation. The extent to which this occurs has been studied through the content analysis of open public forums in Greece, the Netherlands and Britain. Research findings show a high level of interactive communication, high degree of search for information, diversity of opinions and publics and a moderate degree of substantiated argumentation-indicating an enlargement of public space in principle. However, the analysis stresses that unless netizens test their opinions in public systematically, the notion of the Internet as a tool for democratic deliberation is seriously undermined and runs the risk of being replaced by a push-button democracy. In that respect, cyberspace resembles the familiar world of everyday politics as an arena for the ongoing struggle for power and influence, despite the hype surrounding it. Title: Analysing the Internet and the public sphere: The case of Womenslink Author(s): O'Donnell S Source: JAVNOST-THE PUBLIC 8 (1): 39-57 APR 2001 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 27 Times Cited: 1 Abstract: This article analyses alternative media on the Internet media forms produced by social movements and grassroots groups. A framework for analysing alternative media on the Internet is devised using a wide range of theoretical literature, in particular theories of the public sphere and of social movements. Within a public sphere context, alternative media on the Internet could offer an alternative to mass media by using different production practices, such as those fostering capacities for reflection on the experiences of media audiences. Within a social movement context, alternative media on the internet could help movement actors reach their political aims, or help maintain a movement by supporting alternative forms of self-understanding, friendship networks and communities. Empirical research using the framework was conducted over a two-and-a-half year period on the Womenslink mailing list that linked women's organisations in Northern ireland and the Republic of ireland. The findings contribute to further understanding of the Internet and the transnational public sphere. Title: Who sets the terms of the debate? Heterotopic intellectuals and the clash of discourses Author(s): Werbner P Source: THEORY CULTURE & SOCIETY 17 (1): 147-+ FEB 2000 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 28 Times Cited: 2 Abstract: In response to Bourdieu and Wacquant, I argue that American hegemony in setting the terms of debate on ethnicity and racism is nothing new, led in the first half of the century by US heterotopic intellectuals, immigrants, outsiders and descendants of slaves. Ironically, in the light of claims made by the authors, in the post-war era the debate is increasingly dominated by ex-imperial British and French postcolonial thinkers. The authors' disquiet is more explicable, however, if viewed against die background of French republican discourses that deny the legitimacy of 'difference' in the public sphere. But in the final analysis, terms such as multiculturalism or ethnicity are not legislated from above but respond to grassroots social movements, and in France minority groups are presently claiming: a voice and presence in the public sphere. Title: Service journalism and the problems of everyday life Author(s): Eide M, Knight G Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 14 (4): 525-547 DEC 1999 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 30 Times Cited: 2 Abstract: This article discusses service journalism - the way the news media provide their audiences with information, advice and help about the problems of everyday life - in light of the cheery of the public sphere and the growth of subpolitics fostered by reflexive modernization. Service journalism addresses two main types of everyday problem - grievances and risks - but it tends to subsume the former under the latter due to the effects of promotionalism as an increasingly dominant logic shaping the popularization of media formats and content. Apropos the public sphere debate, we argue that service journalism addresses a hybrid social subject - part citizen, part consumer and part client. Moreover, despite the fact that service journalism tends to individualize problems, it is amenable to politicization inasmuch as it shares common ground - the problems of everyday life - with the social movements and advocacy/activism groups that are the collective, motive forte of subpolitics. Subpolitics politicizes the problems of everyday life in the way that it tends to subsume risk under grievance and break with the exclusionary, binary logic of mediational politics. This allows plural identities, individualistic and collectivistic, to coexist in an ambivalent and fluid way. Title: Community without propinquity revisited: Communications technology and the transformation of the urban public sphere Author(s): Calhoun C Source: SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY 68 (3): 373-397 SUM 1998 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 50 Times Cited: 14 Abstract: Recent discussions of the Internet have touted "virtual community" and a capacity to enhance citizen power in democracies. The present essay (a) calls for a more rigorous understanding of community; (b) suggests that relationships forged with the aid of electronic technology may do more to foster "categorical identities" than they do dense, multiplex, and systematic networks of relationships; and (c) argues that an emphasis on community needs to be complemented by more direct attention to the social bases of discursive publics that engage people across lines of basic difference in collective identities. Previous protest movements have shown that communications media have an ambiguous mix of effects. They do facilitate popular mobilization, but they also make it easy for relatively ephemeral protest activity to outstrip organizational roots. They also encourage governments to avoid concentrating their power in specific spatial locations and thus make revolution in some ways more difficult. Title: Writing themselves into consciousness: Creating a rhetorical bridge between the public and private spheres Author(s): Gring-Pemble LM Source: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF SPEECH 84 (1): 41-61 FEB 1998 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 45 Times Cited: 2 Abstract: Through an analysis of Antoinette Brown Blackwell's Oberlin College correspondence with Lucy Stone, this case study explores one way-letter writing-that nineteenth-century women developed a shared feminist consciousness: how they explored their identity as women became aware that other women shared their experiences, and felt empowered to enact specific changes in society. The central argument developed in this essay is that the consciousness-raising process constructed in these letters functioned as a "pre-genesis" stage of the social movement we now identify as the women's rights movement. Title: Politics and culture: A less fissured terrain Author(s): Berezin M Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 23: 361-383 1997 Document Type: Review Language: English Cited References: 243 Times Cited: 8 Abstract: In the past few years, the area of politics and culture has moved from the margins of cultural inquiry to its center as evidenced by the number of persons who identify themselves as working within the area and by its growing institutionalization within sociology. ''Politics and culture'' suggests that each term constitutes an autonomous social realm; whereas ''political culture'' suggests the boundaries of cultural action within which ordinary politics occurs. Bourdieu's emphasis on boundary making, Foucault's disciplinary mechanisms, and Habermas's conception of the public are setting the research agenda of scholars who focus on macro-level social change. Interdisciplinary dialogues are emerging, conducted on a landscape of historical and contemporary empirical research. Four sub-areas have crystallized: first, political culture, which focuses on problems of democratization and civil society; second, institutions, which includes law, religion, the state, and citizenship; third, political communication and meaning; and fourth, cultural approaches to collective action. Promising directions for future work are historical ethnographies, participant observation and interview studies of political communication, and studies of political mobilization that examine how emotion operates in politics. Paradigms are not yet firm within this area, suggesting that politics and culture is a disciplinary site of theoretical, methodological, and empirical innovation. Author Keywords: political culture; civil society; political communication; symbols; rituals KeyWords Plus: SOCIAL-MOVEMENTS; CIVIL-SOCIETY; PUBLIC SPHERE; MEDIA DISCOURSE; EASTERN-EUROPE; STATE; POWER; IDEOLOGY; IDENTITY; DEMOCRATIZATION Title: Critical Systems Thinking and ''new social movements'': A perspective from the theory of communicative action Author(s): Spaul MWJ Source: SYSTEMS PRACTICE 9 (4): 317-332 AUG 1996 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 36 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in critical theory on the political function of the public sphere and the emancipatory potential of new social movements. This work is shown to he relevant to systemic decisions made under conditions of public conflict. Normative models for the self-understanding of actors engaged in self-limiting emancipatory struggles in modem societies are reviewed and related to the concerns of Critical Systems Thinking. Author Keywords: critical theory; public sphere; new social movements; Critical Systems Thinking From ylaantti@cc.helsinki.fi Wed Oct 20 17:35:17 2004 Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2004 17:35:04 +0300 (EET DST) From: M Tuomas Yla-Anttila To: tuomas.yla-anttila@helsinki.fi Subject: julkisuusartikkeleita ISI web of knowledge: public AND sphere* AND social AND movement* Source: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY 22 (3): 341-356 SEP 2004 Document Type: Review Language: English Cited References: 103 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: It has been conventional to conceptualize civic life through one of two core images: the citizen as lone individualist or the citizen as joiner. Drawing on analyses of the historical development of the public sphere, we propose an alternative analytical framework for civic engagement based on small-group interaction. By embracing this micro-level approach, we contribute to the debate on civil society in three ways. By emphasizing local interaction contexts-the microfoundations of civil society-we treat small groups as a cause, context, and consequence of civic engagement. First, through framing and motivating, groups encourage individuals to participate in public discourse and civic projects. Second, they provide the place and support for that involvement. Third, civic engagement feeds back into the creation of additional groups. A small-groups perspective suggests how civil society can thrive even if formal and institutional associations decline. Instead of indicating a decline in civil society, a proliferation of small groups represents a healthy development in democratic societies, creating cross-cutting networks of affiliation. Title: Out of the theaters and into the streets: A coalition model of the political impact of documentary film and video Author(s): Whiteman D Source: POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 21 (1): 51-69 JAN-MAR 2004 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 42 Times Cited: 0 Abstract: Investigations of the political impact of documentary film and video have typically been guided by an "individualistic model," assessing the impact of a finished film on individual citizens and within the dominant public discourse. Research by Feldman and Sigelman (1985) and Lenart and McGraw (1989), however, provides support for creating a more elaborate coalition model for assessing the ways in which documentaries have political impact and for suggesting factors that help explain the extent of that impact. I argue that an adequate model (a) must conceptualize films as part of a larger process that incorporates both production and distribution; (b) must consider the full range of potential impacts on producers, participants, activist organizations, and decision makers; and (c) must consider the role of films in the efforts of social movements to create and sustain alternative spheres of public discourse. The coalition model directs our attention to the potentially important role of activist groups, initially as participants in the production process and then more importantly as catalysts in the distribution process, when documentary films become tools available to activist groups as they seek political impact. Analysis of three case studies demonstrates the utility of this model, finding substantial impact in two arenas beyond the typical focus on individual citizens: mobilizing and educating activist groups and altering the agenda for and the substance of public policy deliberations. Results contribute to our understanding of the strategic role of political communication and the ongoing debates over media effects. Title: Media coverage on European governance - Exploring the European public sphere in national quality newspapers Author(s): Trenz HJ Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 19 (3): 291-319 SEP 2004 Document Type: Article Language: English Title: Movements and media: Selection processes and evolutionary dynamics in the public sphere Author(s): Koopmans R Source: THEORY AND SOCIETY 33 (3-4): 367-391 JUN-AUG 2004 Document Type: Article Language: English Title: Political processes and local newspaper coverage of protest events: >From selection bias to triadic interactions Author(s): Oliver PE, Maney GM Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 106 (2): 463-505 SEP 2000 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 60 Times Cited: 10 Title: CONFLICT INTENSITY, MEDIA SENSITIVITY AND VALIDITY OF NEWSPAPER DATA Author(s): SNYDER D, KELLY WR Source: AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 42 (1): 105-123 1977 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 58 Times Cited: 63 Title: How do political opportunities matter for social movements?: Political opportunity, misframing, pseudosuccess, and pseudofailure Author(s): Suh D Source: SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY 42 (3): 437-460 SUM 2001 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 60 Times Cited: 4 Abstract: A longitudinal case study of Korean white-collar labor movements, which newly thrived in the democratizing atmosphere after the 1987 June Democratic Struggle, confirms that political opportunity is an important external factor that impels movement dynamics toward political protest and interunion solidarity. However, the impact of political opportunity is more complicated than the political process model suggests. First, it is not objective but perceived opportunity that is causal for movement dynamics: Opportunity is filtered through participants' interpretations, which shape their responses to it. The effect of political opportunity is mediated by participants' subjective conclusion (often inaccurate) that a movement goal has been promoted or obstructed by a particular source (source attribution). Without this framing mediation, the impact of political opportunity remains indeterminate, as a single opportunity structure may produce disparate movement dynamics and, conversely, movements may mobilize under both contracting and expanding opportunities. Second, the causal impact of perceived opportunity-whether perceived contraction or expansion-is contextually specific and contingent. When union members consider their attempts to achieve goals a failure and ascribe the failure to government intransigence, anti-government sentiments facilitate political protest. In contrast, success attributed to the efficacy of collective action nurtures solidarity consciousness and labor collectivity. In either event, movement dynamics improve. GAMSONIN VIITE: TSEKKAA TÄTÄ SITEERAAVAT 270 JUTTUA Title: MEDIA DISCOURSE AND PUBLIC-OPINION ON NUCLEAR-POWER - A CONSTRUCTIONIST APPROACH Author(s): GAMSON WA, MODIGLIANI A Source: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 95 (1): 1-37 JUL 1989 Document Type: Article Language: English Cited References: 35 Times Cited: 270 Addresses: GAMSON WA (reprint author), BOSTON COLL, DEPT SOCIOL, CHESTNUT HILL, MA 02167 USA UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA Publisher: UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 Subject Category: SOCIOLOGY IDS Number: AE207 ISSN: 0002-9602