The thought
and action of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are
governed by an Idea (in the Kantian sense): the Idea of
emancipation. It is, of course, framed in quite different
ways, depending on what we call the philosophies
of history, the grand narratives that attempt to
organize this mass of events: the Christian
narrative of the redemption of original sin trough love; the
Aufklärer narrative
of emancipation from ignorance and servitude trough
knowledge and egalitarianism, the speculative narrative
of the realiazation of the universal Idea trough the dialectic
of the concrete; the Marxist narrative
of emancipation from exploitation and alienation trough the socialization
of work; and the capitalist narrative of emancipation
from poverty trough technoindustrial development.