After Shoshoni & Tassy, (eds.), 1996
<==o Elephas Linnaeus, 1758 (Asian elephants; aasiannorsut, aasianelefantit) |?- †E. ?beyeri |-- †E. ekorensis Maglio, 1970 `--o †E. recki Dietrich, 1916 sensu lato [paraphyletic] |-- †E. recki brumpti `--+-- †E. recki shungurensis |--+--+-- †E. recki atavus | | `--+-- †E. recki ileretensis | | `-- †E. recki recki Dietrich, 1916 | `--o (Palaeoloxodon) | |?- †E. (P.?) cypriotes (kyproksenkääpiönorsu) | |-- †E. (P.) namadicus | |--o †E. (P.) antiquus Falconer & Cautley, 1847 | | |-- †E. (P.) a. creutzbergi (Kuss, 1965) [†E. (P.) creuzbergi] (Crete dwarf-elephant; kreetankääpiönorsu) | | |-- †E. (P.) a. leonardii (Sisilian dwarf-elephant; sisiliankääpiönorsu) | | `-- †E. (P.) a. antiquus | |?- †E. (P.) namadicus [E. (P.) antiquus??] | |--+-- †E. (P.) mnaidrensis (Maltese elephant, maltannorsu) | | `?- †E. (P.) melitensis (Maltese dwarf-elephant; maltankääpiönorsu) | |-- †E. (P.) naumanni | `-- †E. (P.) falconeri `--o ??(Elephas) Linnaeus, 1758 |--+-- †E. (E.) iolensis Pomel, 1895 | `--+-- †E. (E.) hysudricus | `--+-- †E. (E.) hysudrindicus | `--o E. (E.) maximus (elephant; elefantti, intiannorsu) | |-- E. (E.) m. maximus (Ceylonese elephant; ceyloninnorsu) | |-- E. (E.) m. bengalensis (Indian; elephant; intiannorsu) | |-- E. (E.) m. hirsutus (Malaysian elephant; malesiannorsu) | `-- E. (E.) m. sumatranus (Sumatran elephant; sumatrannorsu) `--+-- †E. planifrons `--+-- †E. platycephalus `-- †E. celebensis
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Coppens, Y., Maglio, V. J., Madden, C. T. & Beden, M., 1978: Proboscidea. 336-367.
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Ferretti, M. P., Ficcarelli, G., Libsekal, Y., Tecle, T. M. & Rook, L., 2003: Fossil elephants from Buia (northern Afar depression, Eritrea) with remarks on the systematics of Elephas recki (Proboscidea, Elephantidae).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, #1, pp. 244-257 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Poulakakis, N., Mylonas, M., Lymberakis, P. & Fassoulas, G., 2002: Origin and taxonomy of the fossil elephants of the island of Crete (Greese): proplems and perspectives.
–Palaegeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology: Vol. 186, pp. 163-183 - Shoshoni, J., & Tassy, P., (eds.), 1996: The Proboscidea - Evolution and paleontology of elephants and their relatives.
–Oxford University Press, New York, 1996, xxx - 472