After Geissmann, 2008
<==o Hylobatidae Gray, 1877 (gibbons; gibbonit) |?- †Bunopithecus sericus Matthew & Granger, 1923 [Hylobates (Bunopithecus)] Pleist. EA. |?- †Junzi imperialis Turvey, Bruun, Ortiz, Hansford, Hu, Ding, Zhang & Chatterjee, 2018; Hol. EAs. |--o Nomascus Miller, 1933 [Hylobates (Nomascus)] (crested gibbons) | |--o N. sp. cf. nasutus (eastern black-crested gibbon) | | |-- N. sp. cf. nasutus (eastern black-crested gibbon) | | |-- N. sp. ssp. | | `-- N. sp. hainanus [N. concolor hainanus] (Hainan black-crested gibbon) | `--+--o N. concolor (western black-crested gibbon; indokiinangibboni) | | |-- N. c. concolor (Tonkin black-crested gibbon) | | |-- N. c. ?furvogaster (west Yunnan black-crested gibbon) | | |-- N. c. ?jingdongensis (Jingdong black-crested gibbon) | | `-- N. c. ?lu (Laotian black-crested gibbon) | `--+-- N. gabriellae (yellow-cheeked crested gibbon; indokiinangibboni) | `--o N. leucogenys (white-cheeked crested gibbon; indokiinangibboni) | |-- N. l. leucogenys (Northern white-cheeked crested gibbon) | |-- N. l. siki (Southern white-cheeked crested gibbon) | `?- N. l. henrici [not regognized by Geissmann] `--+--o Symphalangus syndactylus (Raffles, 1821) Gloger, 1841 (siamang; siamanki) | |-- S. s. syndactylus (Sumatran siamang) | |?- S. s. volzi [not regognized by Geissmann] | `-- S. s. ?continentis (Malaysian siamang) `--+--o Hoolock Mootnick & Groves, 2005 (hulokit) | |--o H. hoolock (Harlan, 1834) (Western hoolock gibbon) | | |-- H. h. hoolock | | `-- H. h. mishmiensis | `--+-- H. leuconedys (Groves, 1967) (Eastern hoolock gibbon) | `-- H. tianxing Fan et al., 2017 (Skywalker hoolock gibbon) `--o Hylobates Illiger, 1811 (lars; larit) |?- H. albibarbis Lyon, 1911 [ H. agilis albibarbis] (Bornean white-bearded gibbon) |-- H. pileatus (Gray, 1861) (pileated / capped gibbon; kalottigibboni) `--+--+-- H. klossii (Miller, 1903) (klossingibboni) | `--o H. moloch(Audebert, 1798) (silvery gibbon; hopeagibboni) | |-- H. m. moloch (western silvery / western Javan gibbon) | `-- H. m. ?pongoalsoni (eastern silvery / central Javan gibbon) `--+--o H. muelleri Martin, 1841 [H. mülleri] (borneongibboni) | |-- H. m. muelleri (southern / Müller's gray gibbon) | |-- H. m. abbotti (Abbott's gray gibbon) | |-- H. m. funereus (northern gray gibbon) | `-- H. m. ssp. `--+--o H. agilis F Cuvier, 1821 [Hylobates albo griseus Ludeking, 1862; Hylobates albo nigrescens Ludeking, 1862; Hylobates rafflei É. Geoffroy, 1828; Hylobates unko Lesson, 1829] (notkeagibboni) | |-- H. a. agilis F Cuvier, 1821 (mountain agile gibbon) | `-- H. a. unko Lesson, 1829 (lowland agile gibbon) `--o H. lar (Linnaeus, 1771) (lari) |-- H. l. lar (Kloss's / Mentawai gibbon) |-- H. l. carpenteri (Carpenter's / white-handed gibbon) |-- H. l. entelloides (central lar / white-handed gibbon) |-- H. l. vestitus (Sumatran lar / white-handed gibbon) `-- †H. l. yunnanensis Ma & Wang, 1986 (Yunnan lar / white-handed gibbon) [not found in survey 2007]
Reference(s):
- Fan, P. F., He, K., Chen, X., Ortiz, A., Zhang, B., Zhao, C., Li, Y. Q., Zhang, H. B., Kimock, C., Wang, W. Z., Groves, C., Turvey, S. T., Roos, C., Helgen, K. M. & Jiang, X. L., 2017: Description of a new species of Hoolock gibbon (Primates: Hylobatidae) based on integrative taxonomy.
–American Journal of Primatology: Vol. 79, #5, Art.nr. e22631, pp. (1-15) [doi: doi:10.1002/ajp.22631] - Geissmann, T., 2008: Gibbon systematic and species identification. (Updated:
–iNet: Tom Geissmann's Gibbon Research Lab: http://gibbons.de/main/system/intro.html [visited: 2008-01-31] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Ortiz, A., Pilbrow, V., Villamil, C. I., Korsgaard, J. G., Bailey, S. E. & Harrison, T., 2015: The Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Affinities of Bunopithecus sericus, a Fossil Hylobatid from the Pleistocene of China.
–Plos One: Vol. 10, #7, Art.nr. e0131206, pp. 1-17 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131206] - Turvey, S. T., Bruun, K., Ortiz, A., Hansford, J., Hu, S., Ding, Y., Zhang, T. & Chatterjee, H. J., 2018: New genus of extinct Holocene gibbon associated with humans in Imperial China.
–Science: Vol. 360, #6395, pp. 1346-1349 [doi: 10.1126/science.aao4903]