After Simons & Delson, 1978, Nowak, 1991 and Jablonski, N. G., 2002
<==o Macacina Owen, 1843 (makakit) |--+-- †Paradolichopithecus arvernensis (Depéret, 1929) Necrasov et al., 1961 | `--o †Procynocephalus Schlosser, 1824 | |-- †P. wimani Schlosser, 1824 | `-- †P. subhimalayensis von Meyer, 1848 `--o Macaca Lacépède, 1799 (makakit) |-- †M. florentina Cocchi, 1872 |-- †M. prisca Gervais, 1859 |-- †M. majori Azzaroli, 1946 |-- †M. libyca Stromer, 1920 |-- †M. anderssoni Schlosser, 1924 |-- †M. jiangchuanensis Pan et al., 1992 |-- †M. palaeindica [=? Samnopithecus palaeindicus Lydekker, 1884??] |--o M. fascicularis -species group | |-- M. fascicularis Raffles, 1821 (jaavanmakaki) | |-- M. mulatta Zimmerman, 1780 (reesusmakaki) | |-- M. cyclopis (formosanmakaki) | `-- M. fuscata Blyth, 1875 (japaninmakaki) |--o M. silenus-sylvanus -species group] | |-- M. silenus (partamakaki) | |--o M. nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766) (saparomakaki) | | |?- ?M. n. pagensis ()? | | `?- M. n. nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766) | |--o M. tonkeana (tonkeanmakaki) | | |?- ?M. t. hecki ()? | | `?- M. t. tonkeana | |-- M. maura (suomakaki) | |--o M. ochreata (booted Macaque, Celebes Ashyblack Monkey) | | |?- M. o. brunnescens ()? | | `?- M. o. ochreata | |--o M. nigra (celebesinmakaki) | | |?- M. n. nigrescens ()? | | `?- M. n. nigra | `-- M. sylvanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (magotti) |--o M. sinica -species group | |-- M. sinica (lakkimakaki) | |-- M. radiata (hattumakaki) | |-- M. assamensis (assaminmakaki) | `-- M. thibetana Milne-Edwards, 1870 (tiibetinmakaki) `--o M. arctoides -species group `--o M. arctoides I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1830 (karhumakaki) |-- †M. a. subfossilis Jouffroy, 1959 `-- M. a. arctoides I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1830
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Jablonski, N. G., 2002: Fossil Old World monkeys: The late Neogene radiation. 255-299.
in Hartwig, W. C., (eds.) 2002: The Primate Fossil Record.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2002, xiv-530 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997. - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Simons, E. L. & Delson, E., 1978: Cercopithecidae and Parapithecidae. 100-119
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641