<==o Stenodermatinae ()? |--o Carolliini [Carolliinae] ()? | |--o Carollia ()? | | |-- C. castanea ()? | | |-- C. subrufa ()? | | |-- C. brevicauda ()? | | `-- C. perspicillata ()? | `--o Rhinophylla ()? | |-- R. pumilio ()? | |-- R. alethina ()? | `-- R. fischerae ()? `--o Stenodermatini [Stenodermatinae] ()? |--o Sturnira [Sturnirina] ()? | |-- S. lilium (keltaolkaleikko) | |-- S. luisi ()? | |-- S. thomasi (guadeloupe yellow-shouldered bat) | |-- S. tildae ()? | |-- S. magna (de la Torre's yellow-shouldered bat) | |-- S. mordax ()? | |-- S. bidens (bidentate andean fruit bat) | |-- S. nana ()? | |-- S. aratathomasi (giant andean fruit bat) | |-- S. ludovici ()? | |-- S. bogotensis ()? | |-- S. oporaphilum ()? | `-- S. erythromos ()? `--o Stenodermatina ()? |--o Uroderma ()? | |-- U. bilobatum (teltantekijäleikko) | `-- U. magnirostrum ()? `--+--o Platyrrhinus [Vampyrops] ()? | |-- P. infuscus ()? | |-- P. vittatus ()? | |-- P. dorsalis [+P. umbratus] ()? | |-- P. aurarius ()? | |-- P. brachycephalus ()? | |-- P. helleri (heller's broad-nosed bat) | |-- P. lineatus [+P. nigellus] (geoffroy's rayed bat) | |-- P. recifinus ()? | `?- ?P. chocoensis ()? `--+--o Vampyrodes caraccioli (viirunaamaleikko) | |-- V. c. caraccioli ()? | |-- V. c. major ()? | `-- V. c. ornatus ()? `--+--o Vampyressa ()? | |--o (Vampyressa) | | |--o V. (V.) pusilla (little yellow-eared bat) | | | |-- V. (V.) p. pusilla ()? | | | |-- V. (V.) p. minuta ()? | | | |-- V. (V.) p. nattereri ()? | | | |-- V. (V.) p. thyone ()? | | | `-- V. (V.) p. venilla ()? | | |-- V. (V.) melissa ()? | | `-- V. (V.) macconnelli [Mesophylla macconnelli] ()? | `--o (Vampyriscus) | |-- V. (V.) nymphaea ()? | |-- V. (V.) brocki ()? | `-- V. (V.) bidens ()? `--+-- Mesophylla ()? `--+-- Ectophylla alba (valkoleikko) `--+--o Chiroderma ()? | |-- C. doriae (viirunaamaleikot) | |-- C. improvisum (antillean White-lined bat) | |-- C. villosum ()? | |-- C. salvini ()? | `-- C. trinitatum ()? `--+--o Artibeus ()? | |-- (Enchisthenes) hartii (pikkuhedelmäleikko) | `--o (Artibeus) | |-- A. (A.) cinereus ()? | |-- A. (A.) glaucus ()? | |-- A. (A.) watsoni ()? | |-- A. (A.) gnomus ()? | |-- A. (A.) phaeotis (kääpiöhedelmäleikko) | |-- A. (A.) anderseni ()? | |-- A. (A.) toltecus (toltec fruiteating bat) | |-- A. (A.) aztecus (aztec fruiteating bat) | |-- A. (A.) concolor ()? | |-- A. (A.) hirsutus (hairy Fruiteating bat) | |-- A. (A.) inopinatus (honduran Fruiteating bat) | |-- A. (A.) amplus ()? | |-- A. (A.) jamaicensis (jamaikanhedelmäleikko) | |-- ?A. (A.) fimbriatus ()? | |-- A. (A.) fraterculus ()? | |-- A. (A.) fuliginosus ()? | |-- A. (A.) planirostris ()? | |-- A. (A.) lituratus (isohedelmäleikko) | |-- A. (A.) intermedius ()? | `-- ?A. (A.) obscurus ()? `--+-- Ardops nichollsi (puuleikko) `--+--o Phyllops ()? | |-- P. falcatus (kuubanviikunaleikko) | `-- P. haitiensis ()? `--+--o Ariteus flavescens (jamaikanviikunaleikko) `--+-- Stenoderma rufum (punahedelmälepakko) `--+-- Pygoderma bilabiatum (ipanema bat) `--+-- Ametrida centurio ()? `--+-- Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum ()? `-- Centurio senex (kurttunaamaleikko)Reference(s):
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698.
McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., eds., 1997: Classification of mammals; above the species level. --Columbia University Press, New York, 1997.Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991. xlviii-642-lxiii.
Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991. xii-643-1629.