After McKenna & Bell, 1997, Trajano & Farrarezzi, 1994, Ginsburg & Morales, 1998 and Tedford & Martin, 2001

<==o Ursidae Fisher de Waldheim, 1817 non? Gray, 1825 (bears; karhut)
   |--o †Ballusia Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
   |  |-- †B. elmensis (Stehlin, 1917) [Ursavus elmensis Stehlin, 1917]
   |  `-- †B. hareni (Ginsburg, 1989) [Ursavus hareni Ginsburg, 1989]
   `--+--o Tremarctinae Merriam & Stock, 1925 (silmälasikarhut)
      |  |?-o †Plionarctos Frick, 1926
      |  |  |?- †P. sp.
      |  |  |-- †P. edensis Frick, 1926
      |  |  `-- †P. harroldorum Tedford & Martin, 2001 [Ursus sp. cf. U. abstrusus]
      |  `--+--o Tremarctos Gervais, 1855
      |     |  |?- †T. floridanus
      |     |  `-- T. ornatus (Spectacled bear; silmälasikarhu)
      |     `--+--o †Arctodus [Arctoidotherium; Arctotherium Bravard, 1857; Dinarctotherium; Pararctotherium; Proarctotherium; Pseudarctotherium; Tremarctotherium]
      |        |  |-- †A. pristinus
      |        |  |-- †A. simus (Cope) [Arctotherium simum] (short-faced bear; lyhytkuonokarhu)
      |        |  `-- †A. angustidens (Kraglievich, 1926)
      |        `--o †Arctotherium Bravard, 1857
      |           |--o †(Arctotherium)
      |           |  |-- †A. (A.) bonariense
      |           |  `-- †A. (A.) latidens
      |           `--o †Pararctotherium Ameghino, 1904 [=? Arctodus; Arctotherium]
      |              |?- †A. (P.) enectum (Paula Couto, 1960)
      |              |-- †A. (P.) brasiliensis (Lund, 1838)
      |              `-- †A. (P.) pamparum Ameghino, 1904
      `--+--o Ailuropodinae (isopandat)
         |  |-- †Agriarctos
         |  `--+--o †Agriotherium [Hyaenarctos, Lydeccerion]
         |     |  |-- †A. insigne
         |     |  `-- †A. africanum
         |     `--+--o †Indarctos Pilgrim, 1913
         |        |  |-- †I. salmontanus Pilgrim, 1913
         |        |  |-- †I. lagrelii
         |        |  |-- †I. vireti Villalta & Crusafont, 1943 [Agriotherium insignis var. pontiensis Villalta & Crusafont, 1945; Indarctos arctoides vireti Thenius, 1959]
         |        |  `--+-- †I. arctoides (Depéret, 1895)
         |        |     |-- †I. atticus
         |        |     `-- †I. anthracitis
         |        `--+-- †Ailurarctos
         |           `--o Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards, 1870 [Aelureidopus, Ailuropus] (pandas, pandat)
         |              |-- †A. microta (dwarf panda; kääpiöpanda)
         |              `-- A. melanoleuca  Milne-Edwards, 1870 (panda; isopanda)
         `--o Ursinae Fisher de Waldheim, 1817 non? Gray, 1825 (true bears; varsinaiset karhut)
            |--o †Ursavus Schlosser, 1899
            |  |-- †U. elmensis Stehlin
            |  `--+-- †U. brevirhinus (Hofmann)
            |     `--+-- †U. primaevus (Gaillard, 1899)
            |        |-- †U. depereti Schlosser, 1899
            |        |-- †U. ehrenbergi (Brunner)
            |        |-- †U. sylvestris Qui & Qi, 1990
            |        `-- †U. isorei Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
            `--o Ursus [Euarctos; Helarctos; Melursus; Selenarctos; Thalarctos] (karhut)
               |?- †U. minimus Gervais, 1859 [U. boeckhi Schlosser, 1899]
               |?- †U. wenzensis Stach, 1953
               |?- †U. yinanensis Li, 1993
               |?- †U. abstrusus
               |?- U. malayanus [Helarctos malayanus] (Malayan sun bear; malajikarhu)
               |?- U. ursinus [Melursus ursinus] (sloth bear; huulikarhu)
               |--o U. thibetanus (Asiatic black bear; sepelkarhu)
               |  |-- U. t. thibetanus
               |  |-- †U. t. gedrosianus (belutsistaninkarhu)
               |  |-- U. t. japonicus (japaninsepelkarhu)
               |  `-- U. t. formosanus (formosansepelkarhu)
               |--o U. americanus (black bear; mustakarhu) [18 subsp.]
               |  |-- U. a. americanus (eastern black bear; idänmustakarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. altifrontalis (<>Britt. Kolumbia)
               |  |-- U. a. cinnamomum (kanelikarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. emmonsii (jäätikkökarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. hamiltoni (Newfoundland black bear; newfoundlandinmustakarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. kermodei (kermodeskarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. floridanus (floridanmustakarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. luteolus (louisiananmustakarhu)
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 9
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 10
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 11
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 12
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 13
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 14
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 15
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 16
               |  |-- U. a. ssp. 17
               |  `-- U. a. ssp. 18
               `--+--o U. arctos -group
                  |  `--o U. arctos (brown bear; karhu) [paraphyletic without Ursus maritimus]
                  |     |--+== U. a. arctos (Eurasian brown bear; karhu) [Euraasia]
                  |     |  |?- U. maritimus (polar bear; jääkarhu)
                  |     |  |-- U. a. crowtheri (Atlas bear; atlaksenkarhu)
                  |     |  |-- U. a. pruinosus
                  |     |  `-- U. a. isabellinus
                  |     `--+-- U. a. horribilis (grizzley; harmaakarhu)
                  |        |-- U. a. middendorffi (kodiak bear; kodiakinkarhu)
                  |        |-- †U. a. californicus (kalifornianruskeakarhu)
                  |        `-- †U. a. nelsoni (mexican brown bear; meksikonkarhu)
                  `--o †U. spelaeus -group
                     |-- †U. deningeri
                     |?- †U. rossicus
                     `--+-- †U. ‘spelaeus’ kudarensis
                        `--+-- †U. ingressus
                           `-- †U. spelaeus (cave bear; luolakarhu)

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