After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Pantheriinae Pocock, 1917 (big cats; suurkissat) |--o Neofelis Gray, 1867 (clouded leopards; puuleopardit) | |-- N. diardi(G. Cuvier, 1823) [Neofelis nebulosa diardi] (Sunda clouded leopard; borneonpuuleopardi) | `--o N. nebulosa (Griffith, 1821) [Felis macrocelis; Felis marmota] (clouded leopard; puuleopardi) | |-- N. n. nebulosa (Griffith, 1821) (Chinese Clouded leopard; kiinanpuuleopardi) [Kiina, Taka-Intia] | |-- †N. n. brachyurus (Swinhoe, 1862) (Formosan Clouded leopard; formosanpuuleopardi) [last recorded evidence in 1989] | `-- N. n. macrosceloides (Hodgson, 1853) (Indian Clouded leopard; intianpuuleopardi) [Nepal, Burma] `--o Panthera Oken, 1816 [incl. Uncia Gray, 1854] (panthers, big cats; suurkissat) |--+?- †P. blytheae Tseng, Wang, Slater, Takeuchi, Li, Liu & Xie, 2014 | `-- (Uncia) uncia (Schreber, 1775) [Felis uncia Schreber, 1775; Felis irbis Ehrenberg, 1830] (snow leopard; lumileopardi) `--+--o (Panthera) Oken, 1816 | |-- †P. (?P.) crassidens | `--o P. (P.) pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758] (leopard, panther; leopardi) | |--+-- †P. p. begoueni | | `--+-- †P. p. sickenbergi | | `--+-- †P. p. antiqua | | `-- †P. p. spelaea (cave leopard; luolalepardi) | |--+-- P. (P.) p. pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) (African leopard; pohjoisafrikanleopardi) | | |-- P. (P.) p. adersi (sansibarinleopardi) | | `-- P. (P.) p. barbarus [P. p. panthera] (barbarinleopardi | |--+-- P. (P.) p. jarvisi (siinainleopardi) | | `-- P. (P.) p. nimr (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) (Arabian leopard; eteläarabianleopardi) | |--+-- P. (P.) p. tulliana (Valenciennes, 1856) (Anatomian leopard; anatolianleopardi) | | |-- P. (P.) p. saxicolor (Pocock, 1927) [P. p. ciscaucasica (Satunin, 1914)] (Caucasian leopard; Persian leopard; persianleopardi) | | |-- P. (P.) p. sindica (Pocock, 1930) [Balochistan leopard] | | |-- P. (P.) p. fusca (Meyer, 1794) (indian leopard; intianleopardi) | | `-- P. (P.) p. kotiya (Deraniyagala, 1956) (Sri Lankan leopard; ceyloninleopardi) | |--+-- P. (P.) p. delacouri (Pocock, 1930) (Indochinese leopard; indokiinanleopardi) | | `-- P. (P.) p. melas (Cuvier, 1809) (Sunda lepard; indonesianleopardi) | `--+-- P. (P.) p. orientalis (Schlegel, 1857) (Amur leopard; amurinleopardi) | `-- P. (P.) p. japonensis (Gray, 1862) (North Chinese leopard; pohjoiskiinanleopardi) `--+--o (Leo) leo (Linnaeus, 1758) [Felis leo Linnaeus, 1758] (lion; leijona) | |--+-- †P. (L.) l. leo (Atlas lion; Barbary lion, Biblical lion, Middle Eastern lion; barbarileijona, atlaksenleijona) | | |-- P. (L.) l. kamptzi | | |--+-- P. (L.) l. azandica (North East Congo lion; itäkongonleijona) | | | `-- P. (L.) l. hollisteri (Congo lion; kongonleijona) | | |--+-- P. (L.) l. bleyenberghi (Southwest African Lion; Katanga lion; angolanleijona) | | | |-- P. (L.) l. krugeri (Transvaal Lion; South African Lion; Southeast African lion; transvaalinleijona) | | | |-- P. (L.) l. verneyi (Kalahari lion; kalaharinleijona) | | | `-- †P. (L.) l. melanochaitus (Cape lion; kapinleijona) | | |-- P. (L.) l. massaicus [incl.? P. (L.) l. nyanzae; P. (L.) l. nubica; P. (L.) l. roosevelti; P. (L.) l. somaliensis] (East African lion; Masai lion; Abyssinian lion; Somali lion; masaileijona) | | `-- P. (L.) l. senegalensis (West African lion; senegalinleijona) | `--+?- P. (L.) l. persicus (Asian lion; aasianleijona) | |?- P. (L.) l. sinhaleyus (Sri Lanka lion or Ceylon lion; ceyloninleijona) | |?- P. (L.) l. europaea (European lion; euroopanlaeijona) | |?- †P. (L.) l. fossilis [=? P. (L.) l. spelaea] (Early Middle Pleistocene European cave lion) | `--+-- †P. (L.) l. spelaea (cave lion; luolaleijona) | `--+-- †P. (L.) l. vereshchagini [P. spelaea vereshchagini] (Alaska lion; alaskanleijona) | `-- †P. (L.) l. atrox (North American lion; amerikanleijona) `--+--+-- †P. zdanskyi Mazák, Christiansen & Kitchener, 2011 | `--o (Tigris) tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) (tiger; tiikeri) | |-- †P. (T.) t. virgata (kaspiantiikeri) | |-- P. (T.) t. tigris (intiantiikeri) | |--+-- P. (T.) t. corbetti (indokiinantiikeri) | | `-- P. (T.) t. jacksoni (Malayan tiger; malakantiikeri) | |-- P. (T.) t. amoyensis (kiinantiikeri) | |-- P. (T.) t. altaica (siperiantiikeri) | |-- P. (T.) t. sumatrae (sumatrantiikeri) | |-- [†]P. (T.) t. sondaica (jaavantiikeri) | `-- [†]P. (T.) t. balica (balintiikeri) `--o (Jaguarinus) |-- †P. (J.) gombaszoegensis `--o P. (J.) onca (jaguar; jaguaari) |-- †P. (J.) o. augusta |?- †P. (J.) o. mesembrina |-- P. (J.) o. onca (amazoninjaguaari) |-- P. (J.) o. arizonensis (arizonanjaguaari) |-- P. (J.) o. centralis (panamanjaguaari) |-- P. (J.) o. goldmani (jukataninjaguaari) |-- P. (J.) o. hernandesii () |-- P. (J.) o. palustris (paranj.-, parananjaguaari) |-- P. (J.) o. peruviana (perunjaguaari) `-- P. (J.) o. veraecrucis ( )
Alternative phylogenetics of Pantherine cats:
After Tseng, Wang, Slater, Takeuchi, Li, Liu & Xie, 2014
<==o Pantheriinae
|--o Neofelis
| |-- N. diardi
| `-- N. nebulosa
`--o Panthera
|-- †P. zdanskyi
`--+--+-- P. tigris
| `--+-- †P. blytheae
| `-- P. uncia
`--+-- P. onca
`--+-- P. pardus
`--+-- P. leo
`--+-- †P. spelaea
`-- †P. atrox
Reference(s):
|
After Mazák, Christiansen & Kitchener, 2011
<==o Pantheriinae
|--o Neofelis
| |-- N. diardi
| `-- N. nebulosa
`--o Panthera
|-- P. uncia
`--+-- †P. palaeosinensis
`--+--+-- P. onca
| `--+-- †P. atrox
| `--+-- †P. spelaea
| `--+-- P. leo
| `-- P. pardus
`--+-- †P. zdanskyi
`-- P. tigris
Reference(s):
|
After Davisa, Lia & Murphy, 2010
<==o Pantheriinae
|--o Neofelis
| |-- N. diardi
| `-- N. nebulosa
`--o Panthera
|--+-- (Uncia) uncia
| `-- (Tigris) tigris
`--+-- (Jaguarinus) onca
`--+-- (Panthera) pardus
`-- (Leo) leo
Reference(s):
|
Reference(s):
- Barnett, R., Shapiro, B., Barnes, I. A. N., Ho, S. Y. W., Burger, J., Yamaguchi, N., Higham, T. F. G., Wheeler, H. T., Rosendahl, W., Sher, A. V., Sotnikova, M., Kuznetsova, T., Baryshnikov, G. F., Martin, L. D., Harington, C. R., Burns, J. A. & Cooper, A., 2009: Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leo ssp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity. –Molecular Ecology: Vol. 18, #8, pp. 1668-1677 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04134.x]
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Davisa, B. W., Lia, G. & Murphy, W. J., 2010: Supermatrix and species tree methods resolve phylogenetic relationships within the big cats, Panthera (Carnivora: Felidae)
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 56, #1, pp. 64-76 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.036] - Mattern, M. Y. & McLennan, D. A., 2000: Phylogeny and speciation of Felids.
–Cladistics: Vol. 16, #2, June 2000, 232-253 - Mazák, J. H., Christiansen, P. & Kitchener, A. C., 2011: Oldest Known Pantherine Skull and Evolution of the Tiger.
–Plos One: Vol. 6, #10, pp. e25483 (1-11) [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025483] - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Tseng, Z. J., Wang, X., Slater, G. J., Takeuchi, G. T., Li, Q., Liu, J. & Xie, G., 2014: Himalayan fossils of the oldest known pantherine establish ancient origin of big cats.
–Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: Vol. 281, #1774, pp. [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2686]