After Savage, 1978, Harrison, 1983, †Kurtén & Werdelin, 1990, McKenna & Bell, 1997, Antón & Galobert, 1999, Werdelin & Lewis, 2000, and Werdelin & Lewis, 2001
<==o †Machairodontinae Gill, 1872 (saber-toothed cats; “sapelihammaskissat”) |?-o †Epimachairodus Kretzoi, 1929 | |-- †E. romeri | `-- †E. crenatides |?-o †Miomachairodus Schmidt-Kittler, 1976 | `-- †M. pseudailuros |?- †Propontosmilus maximiliani Kretzoi, 1929 |?- †Sivasmilus Kretzoi, 1929 `--+--o †“Dinofelini” | |-- †Fortunictis acerensis Pons Moya, 1987 | |-- †Stenailurus teilhardi Crusafont Pairó & Aguirre, 1972 [= Adelphailurus Hibbard; McKenna & Bell] | |-- †Adelphailurus kansensis Hibbard, 1934 | `--+--o †Metailurus Zdansky, 1924 sensu Antón & Galobert, 1999; U.Mioc.-L.Plioc. As., U.Mioc. Eu. [has also been treated as nimravid] | | |-- †M. mongoliensis | | |-- †M. pamiri | | |-- †M. boodon | | |-- †M. parvulus | | |-- †M. minor | | `-- †M. major Zdansky, 1924 | `--o †Dinofelis Zdansky, 1924 [Therailurus Piveteau, 1948] U.Mioc. As., U.Plioc. As., U.Mioc.-L.Pleist. Eu., L.Plioc.-L.Pleist. Af., U.Plioc. NA. | |-- †D. abeli Zdansky, 1924 | |-- †D. sp.1 [Lothagam, Kenya] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | `--+?- †D. sp.2 [Venta del Moro, Spain] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |?- †D. sp.3 [Gladysvale, South Africa] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] [D. barlovi or D. piveateaui??] | |?- †D. sp.4 [Balaruc II, France] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |?- †D. sp.5 [Olduvai, Kenya] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] [D. aronoki??] | |?- †D. sp.6 [Zemo Melaani, Georgia] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |?- †D. sp.7 [Novaya Etulia, Moldova] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |?- †D. sp.8 cf. D. diastemata [Langebaanweg, South Africa] [Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |-- †D. diastemata (Astre, 1929) | |-- †D. cristata (Falconer & Cautley, 1836) | |-- †D. petteri Werdelin & Lewis, 2001 | |-- †D. barlowi (Broom, 1937) [Meganthereon barlowi Broom, 1937, 1939; Machaerodus transvaalensis (Pars) Broom, 1939; Therailurus barlowi (Broom) Ewer, 1955; Machaerodus darti Toerien, 1955; Dinofelis barlowi (Broom) Hemmer, 1965, Cooke, 1991, Werdelin & Lewis, 2001] | |-- †D. palaeoonca (Meade, 1945) | `--+-- †D. aronoki Werdelin & Lewis, 2001 | `-- †D. piveateaui (Ewer, 1955) `--+--o †Smilodontini | |--o †Paramachairodus Pilgrim, 1913 | | |-- †P. maximiliani [Propontosmilus, Sivasmilus] | | |-- †P. ogygia (Kaup, 1832) | | `-- †P. orientalis | `--+--o †Megantereon Croizet & Jobert, 1828 [Toscanius] | | |-- †M. whitei | | |-- †M. gracile | | |-- †M. eurynodon | | |-- †M. megantereon | | |-- †M. vakhshensis | | |-- †M. cultridens | | `-- †M. ekidoit Werdelin & Lewis, 2000 | `--o †Smilodon Lund, 1842 [Smilodontidion Kraglievich 1948; Smilodontopsis Brown 1908; Trucifelis Leidy 1869] [non Smilodon Plieninger, 1846 (Suchia incertae sedis)] | |-- †S. gracilis | `--+-- †S. fatalis (Leidy, 1869) [incl. S. floridanus; S. californicus] | `-- †S. populator Lund, 1842 [incl. S. neogaeus] `--o †“Homotherini” |?- †Nimravides pedionomus Kitts, 1958 sensu Antón & Galobert, 1999 [has also been treated as nimravid or Feline (McKenna & Bell)] `--+--o †Machairodus Kaup, 1833 [Heterofelis; Therailurus] [possibly paraphyletic] | |-- †M. coloradensis Cook, 1922 | |-- †M. copei [=? M. coloradensis or M. tanneri] | |-- †M. fires | |-- †M. inexpectatus | |-- †M. irtyschensis | |-- †M. ischimicus | |-- †M. kabir Peigné, de Bonis, Likius, Mackaye, Vignaud & Brunet, 2005 | |-- †M. kurteni Sotnikova, 1992 | |-- †M. palaeindicus [Megantereon palaeindicus; Pilgrim] | |-- †M. palmidens | |-- †M. robinsoni | |-- †M. schlosseri | |-- †M. tanneri | |--o †M. aphanistus -group | | |-- †M. alberdiae | | |-- †M. aphanistus (Kaup, 1832) | | `-- †M. laskarevi | `--o †M. giganteus -group [Amphimachairodus] | |-- †M. giganteus (Wagner, 1848) [= Amphimachairodus giganteus] | |?- †M. leoninus [jr. synon. M. giganteus sensu Peigné et al., 2005] | |?- †M. palanderi [jr. synon. M. giganteus sensu Peigné et al., 2005] | |?- †M. taracliensis [jr. synon. M. giganteus sensu Peigné et al., 2005] | `?- †M. tingii [jr. synon. M. giganteus sensu Peigné et al., 2005] `--+-- †Xenosmilus hodsonae Martin, Babiarz, Naples & Hearst, 2000 `--+-- †Lokotunjailurus emageritus Werdelin, 2003 `--o †Homotherium Fabrini, 1890 [Epimachairodus Kretzoi, 1929; Dinobastis Cope 1893; Ischyrosmilus Merriam 1918] |-- †H. darvasicum |-- †H. davitasvilii |-- †H. ethiopicum |-- †H. latidens |-- †H. problematicus |-- †H. sainzelli Aymard [Epimachairodus crenatidens Fabrini; Homotherium crenatidensis (Fabrini)] |-- †H. serum `-- †H. ultimum
Reference(s):
- Antón, M., Salesa, M. J., Morales, J. & Turner, A., 2004: First known complete skulls of the scimitar-toothed cat Machairodus aphanistus (Felidae, Carnivora) from the Spanish Late Miocene site of Batallones-1.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 957-969 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Cooke, H. B. S., 1991: Dinofelis barlowi (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) cranial material from Bolt's Farm, Collected by the University of California African Expedition.
–Palaeontologia Africana: Vol. 28, pp. 9-21 - Harrison, J. A., 1983: The Carnivora of the Edson Local Fauna (Late Hemphilillian), Kansas.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 54, pp. iv-42 - †Kurtén, B. & Werdelin, L., 1990: Relationships between North and South American Smilodon.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 10, #2, pp. 158-169 - Martin, L. D., Babiarz, J. P., Naples, V. L. & Hearst, J., 2000: Three ways to be a saber-toothed cat.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 87, #1, pp. 41-44 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Peigné, S., de Bonis, L., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P. & Brunet, M., 2005: A new machairodontine (Carnivora, Felidae) from the Late Miocene hominid locality of TM 266, Toros-Menalla, Chad.
–Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciencies, Paris: Palevol: Vol. 4, pp. 243-253 [doi: 10.1016/j.crpv.2004.10.002] - Salesa, M. J., Antón, M., Turner, A. & Morales, J., 2005: Aspects of the functional morphology in the cranial and cervical skeleton of the sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain: implications for the origins of the machairodont killing bite.
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 144, #3, pp. 363-377 [doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00174.x] - Savage, R. J. G., 1978: Carnivora. 249-267
in Maglio, V. J. & Cooke, H. B. S., (eds.) 1978: Evolution of African Mammals.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 1978, xiv-641 - Viranta, S. & Fortelius, M., 2000: Personal correspondence.
- Werdelin, L., 2003: Mio-Pliocene Carnivora from Lothagam, Kenya. 261-328.
in Leakey, M. G. & Harris, J. M., (eds.) 2003: Lothagam – The Dawn of Humanity in East Africa.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 2003, 1-678 - Werdelin, L. & Lewis, M. E., 2000: Carnivora from the South Turkwel hominid site, northern Kenya.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 74, #6, pp. 1173-1180 - Werdelin, L. & Lewis, M. E., 2001: A revision of the genus Dinofelis (Mammalia, Felidae)
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: Vol. 132, #1, pp. 147-258