After McKenna & Bell, 1997, and Zack, Penkrot, Krause & Maas, 2005
Ungulata
Tubulidentata
Orycteropodidae
†Dinocerata
†Uintatheriidae Flower, 1876
including:
†Gobiatheriidae
†Gobiatheriinae
†Gobiatheriidae
†Uintatheriinae Flower, 1876
Altungulata
Paenungulata
?Taxeopoda Cope, 1882
†Meniscotheriidae
†Phenacodontidae
†Loxolophidae
†Arctocyonidae: Loxolophinae
†Phenacolophidae
Pantomesaxonia
†Embrithopoda Andrews, 1906
†Embrithopoda Andrews; Prothero & Schoch, 1989
†Arsinoitheriidae Andrews, 1904
†Arsinotheriidae Andrews, 1904 (lapsus calami)
Perissodactyla Owen, 1848
Mesaxonia; Prothero & Schoch, 1989
Uranotheria
Hyracoidea Huxley, 1869
†Pliohyracidae Osborn, 1899
†Geniohyinae Andrews, 1906
†Geniohyinae Matsumoto, 1926
†Saghatheriinae Andrews, 1906
†Titanohyracinae Matsumoto, 1926
†Pliohyracinae Osborn, 1899
†Pliohyracinae Matsumoto, 1926
Procaviidae Thomas, 1892
Hyracidae Gray, 1821
Tethytheria
Sirenia Illiger, 1811
†Prorastomidae Cope, 1889
†Prorastomatidae Flower & Lydekker, 1891
†Prorastominae Reinhart, 1959
†Protosirenidae Sickenberg, 1934
Dugongidae Gray, 1821
Halicoridae
†Halitheriinae Carus, 1868
†Halitheriinae Carus; Abel, 1913
Dugonginae Gray, 1821
Dugongidae Gray, 1821
Dugonginae Simpson, 1932
including:
Rytiodontinae Abel, 1914
†Metaxytheriinae
†Hydrodamalinae Palmer, 1895
†Hydrodemalidae Palmer, 1895
†Hydrodemalinae Simpson, 1932
Manatidae
Trichechidae Gill, 1872
†Miosireninae Abel, 1919
†Miosireninae Abel; Domning, 1994
Trichechinae Gill, 1872
Trichechidae Gill, 1872
Trichechinae Domning, 1994
Behemota
†Desmostylia Reinhart, 1953
†Desmostylidae Osborn, 1905
including:
†Cornwallidae Shikama, 1957
†Paleoparadoxidae Reinhart, 1953
Proboscidea Illiger, 1811
Eparctocyona
†Procreodi; McKenna & Bell, 1997
†Arctocyonia Van Valen, 1969
†Quettacyonidae Gingerich, Abbas & Arif, 1997
†Quettacyoninae Gingerich, Abbas & Arif, 1997 [Arctocyonidae:]
†Oxyclaenidae
†“Protungulatidae”
†Arctocyonidae Giebel, 1855
†Bulbulodentata Archibald, 1998
†Condylartha; McKenna & Bell, 1997
†Apheliscidae Matthew, 1918
†Apheliscinae Matthew, 1918
including:
†Louisininae Sudre & Russell, 1982
†Panameriungulata de Muizon, & Cifelli, 2000
†Mioclenidae
including:
†Hyopsodontidae Lydekker, 1889
†Meridiungulata
†Arctostylopida; Cifelli and Schaff, 1998
“Paraxonia”
Reference(s):
- Alroy, J., 2002: North American fossil mammal systematics database.
–iNet: North American fossil mammal systematics database: http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/nafmsd.html - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Zack, S. P., Penkrot, T. A., Bloch, J. I. & Rose, K. D., 2005: Affinities of ‘hyopsodontids’ to elephant shrews and a Holarctic origin of Afrotheria.
–Nature: Vol. 434, pp. 497-452 - Zack, S. P., Penkrot, T. A., Krause, D. W. & Maas, M. C., 2005: A new apheliscine “condylarth” mammal from the late Paleocene of Montana and Alberta and the phylogeny of “hyopsodontids”.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 50, #4, pp. 809-830 [http://app.pan.pl/acta50/app50-809.pdf] - Zonneveld, J.-P., Gunnell, G. F. & Bartels, W. S., 2000: Early Eocene fossil vertebrates from the southwestern Green River basin, Lincoln and Uinta Counties, Wyoming.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 369-386