After Janis, 1987, Norris, 2000, Vislobokova & Daxner-Höck, 2002, and Erfurt & Métais, 2007
<==o Ruminantia Scapoli, 1777 (ruminants; märehtijät) |?-o †Amphimerycidae Stehlin, 1910 | |--o †Amphimeryx Pomel, 1848 | | |-- †A. murinus (Cuvier, 1822) [incl. A. collotarsus Pomel, 1849] | | |-- †A. riparius Aymard, 1855 | | `?- †A. cf. A. murinus [Sudre, 1978] | `--o †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin, 1910 | |-- †P. renevieri Pictet & Humbert, 1869 | |-- †P. schlosseri (Rütimeyer, 1891) | |-- †P. valdensis Stehlin, 1910 | |-- †P. pavloviae Stehlin, 1910 | |-- †P. hantonensis Forster-Cooper, 1928 | `-- †P. salesmei Sudre, 1978 `==o Tragulina (hornless ruminants, sarvettomat märehtijät) [paraphyletic] |?-o †Prodremotheriidae [has been split? only Indomeryx remains (Vislobokova & Daxner-Höck, 2002)] | |?- †Gobiomeryx dubius Trofimov, 1957 [is a gelocid? [basal Pecora]] | |--o †Indomeryx | | |-- †I. cotteri | | |-- †I. arenae | | `-- †I. pilgrimi | |?-o †Notomeryx [is a archaeomerycid?] | | |-- †N. besensis | | `-- †N. major | `?-o †Prodremotherium Filhol, 1877 [is a gelocid? [basal Pecora]] | |-- †P. elongatum | `-- †P. trepidum |--o †Hypertragulidae | |-- †Andegameryx | |-- †Hypertragulus heikeni [Allomeryx] | |-- †Hypisodus | `-- †Nanotragulus |--o Praetragulidae Vislobokova, 2001 | |--o †Praetragulus Vislobokova, 1998 | | |-- †P. gobiae (Matthew & Granger, 1925) Vislobokova, 1998 | | `-- †P. electus | |-- †Parvitragulus | `-- †Simimeryx `--+-- Tragulidae Milne-Edwards, 1864 `--+?-o †Bachitherium Filhol, 1882 [Bachitheriidae] | |-- †B. vireti | |-- †B. curtum | |-- †B. lavocati | |-- †B. insigne | |-- †B. medius | `-- †B. minor `--+--o †Leptomerycidae | |--o †Hendryomeryx Black, 1978 | | |-- †H. defordi (Wilson, 1974) [Hidrosotherium transpecoensis Wilson, 1974] | | |-- †H. esulcatus (Cope, 1889) [Leptomeryx esulcatus; Leptomeryx drummondanus Matthew, 1926] | | `-- †H. wilsoni Black, 1978 | |-- †Leptomeryx | |-- †Pronodens | |-- †Pseudomeryx | `-- †Pseudoparablastomeryx |?-o †Archaeomerycidae Simpson, 1945 | |?- †Irrawadymeryx pondaungi Métais, Soe, Marivaux & Beard, 2007; M.Eoc. SEAs. | |--o †Archaeomeryx [was a leptomerycid?] | | `-- †A. optatus | |--o †Miomeryx Matthew & Granger, 1925 [was a leptomerycid?] | | `-- †M. altaicus | |--o †Notomeryx [was a prodremotheriid?] | | |-- †N. besensis | | `-- †N. major | `--o †Xinjiangmeryx [was a leptomerycid?] | `-- †X. parvus `--+--o †Lophiomerycidae Janis, 1987 | |-- †"Gelocius" minor | |-- †Zhailimeryx jingweni Guo, Dawson & Beard, 2000; U. Eoc. SEAs. | |-- †Krabimeryx primitivus Métais, Chaimanee, Jaeger & Ducrocq, 2001; U. Eoc. SEAs. | |-- †Cryptomeryx gaudryi L. Olig. SWEu. | `--+--o †Iberomeryx | | |-- †I. parvus | | |-- †I. savagei Nanda & Sahni, 1990 | | `-- †I. minus | `--o †Lophiomeryx Pomel, 1854 | |-- †L. turgaicus | |-- †L. kargilensis | |-- †L. mouchelini | |-- †L. angarae Matthew & Granger, 1925 | |-- †L. chalaniati | |-- †L. gracilis | |-- †L. benarensis | `-- †L. shinaoensis `-- Pecora sensu Webb & Taylor, 1980 (sarvekkaat; horned ruminants)
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Covert, H. H., Hamrick, M. W., Dzanh, T. & McKinney, K. C., 2001: Fossil mammals from the Late Miocene of Vietnam.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #3, pp. 633-636 - Erfurt, J. & Métais, G., 2007: Endemic European Paleogene artiodactyls – Cebochoeridae, Choeropotamidae, Mixtotheriidae, Cainotheriidae, Anoplotheriidae, Xiphodontidae, and Amphimerycidae. 59-84.
in Prothero, D. R. & Foss, S. E., (eds.) 2007: The evolution of artiodactyls.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2007, xii-367 - Guo, J., Dawson, M. R. & Beard, K. C., 2000: Zhailimeryx, A New Lophiomerycid Artiodactyl (Mammalia) from the Late Middle Eocene of Central China and the Early Evolution of Ruminants.
–Journal of Mammalian Evolution: Vol. 7, #4, pp. 239-258 - Janis, C. M., 1987: Grades and clades in hornless ruminant evolution: The reality of the Gelocidae and the systematic position of Lophiomeryx and Bachitherium.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #2, pp. 200-216 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Métais, G., Chaimanee, Y., Jaeger, J.-J. & Ducrocq, S., 2001: New remains of primitive ruminants from Thailand: Evidence of the early evolution of the Ruminantia in Asia.
–Zoologica Scripta: Vol. 30, #4, pp. 231-248 - Métais, G., Soe, U. A. N., Marivaux, L. & Beard, K. C., 2007: Artiodactyls from the Pondaung Formation (Myanmar): new data and reevaluation of the South Asian Faunal Province during the Middle Eocene.
–Naturwissenschaften: Vol. 94, pp. 759-768 [doi: 10.1007/s00114-007-0256-9] - Norris, C. A., 2000: The cranium of Leptotragulus, a hornless protoceratid (Artiodactyla: Protoceratidae) from the Middle Eocene of North America.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 341-348 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Tchernov, E., Ginsburg, L., Tassy, P. & Goldsmith, N. F., 1987: Miocene mammals of the Negev (Israel).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 7, #3, pp. 284-310 - Vislobokova, I. & Daxner-Höck, G., 2002: Oligocene-Early Miocene ruminants from the Valley of Lakes (Central Mongolia).
–Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien: Vol. 103 A, pp. 213-235