After McKenna & Bell, 1997, with Fossil species from “Paleobiology database“ and Recent species from Nowak, 1991
<==o Camelinae Gray, 1821 (non Zittel, 1893) (camels; kamelit) |?- †Dyseotylopus Stock, 1935 [=? Miotylopus] |?- †Nothotylopus camptognathus Patton, 1969 `--+--o †Protolabidini | |-- †Tanymykter brachyodontus (Peterson, 1904) Honey & Taylor, 1978 [Oxydactylus brachyodontus] | |--o †Michenia Frick & Taylor, 1971 | | |-- †M. agatensis Frick & Taylor, 1971 | | |-- †M. deschutensis Dingus, 1990 | | |-- †M. exilis (Matthew, 1960)[Oxydactylus exilis; Michenia australis] | | `-- †M. yavapaiensis Honey & Taylor, 1978 | `--o †Protolabis Cope, 1876 | |-- †P. barstowensis Lewis, 1968 | |-- †P. coartatus Stirton, 1929 [Procamelus coartatus; Protolabis notiochorinos Patton, 1969] | |-- †P. gracilis Leidy, 1858 [Procamelus gracilis] | |-- †P. heterodontus Cope, 1874 [Procamelus heterodontus; Alticamelus angustidens Cope 1874, Procamelus angustidens Cope 1874, Procamelus foxi Macdonald 1960, Protolabis angustidens Cope 1874] | |-- †P. inaequidens Matthew, 1915 [Procamelus inaequidens] | `-- †P. saxeus Matthew, 1924 `--+--o Lamini Webb, 1965 (llamas; laamat) | |--o †Hemiauchenia Gervais & Ameghino, 1880 | | |-- †H. edensis Frick, 1921 [Pliauchenia edensis, Procamelus edensis] | | |-- †H. gracilis Meachen, 2005 | | |-- †H. guanajuatensis Dalquest & Mooser, 1980 [Palaeolama guanajuatensis] | | |-- †H. macrocephala Cope, 1893 [Holomeniscus macrocephalus; Tanupolama macrocephala; Camelus americanus Wortman, 1898; Hemiauchenia blancoensis Meade, 1945; Hemiauchenia seymourensis Hibbard & Dalquest, 1962; Lama hollomani Hay & Cook, 1930; Lama stevensi Merriam & Stock, 1925; Prochenia americana Wortman 1898, Tanupolama americana Wortman 1898, Tanupolama blancoensis Meade, 1945, Tanupolama hollomani Hay & Cook, 1930, Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard & Dalquest, 1962; Tanupolama stevensi Merriam & Stock, 1925] | | |-- †H. minima Leidy, 1886 [Auchenia minimus; Procamelus minimus] | | |-- †H. vera Matthew, 1909 [Pleiolama vera; Pliauchenia vera; Tanupolama vera] | | `?- †H. blancoensis (Breyer, 1977) | `--+--o †Pliauchenia Cope, 1875 | | |-- †P. humphreysiana Cope, 1875 | | |-- †P. magnifontis Gregory, 1939 | | `-- †P. raki Stirton & Goeriz 1942 | `--+-- †Alforjas taylori Harrison, 1979 | `--+-- †Blancocamelus meadei Dalquest, 1975 | `--+--o †Camelops Leidy, 1854 | | |-- †C. hesternus Leidy, 1873 [Auchenia hesterna; Holomeniscus hesternus] | | |--o †C. huerfanensis Cragin, 1892 | | | |-- †C. h. huerfanensis Cragin, 1892 | | | `-- †C. h. dallasi Lull, 1921 | | |-- †C. minidokae Hay, 1927 | | |-- †C. sulcatus Cope, 1893 [Holomeniscus sulcatus] | | `-- †C. traviswhitei Mooser & Dalquist, 1975 | `--+--o †Palaeolama Gervais, 1869 | | |?- †P. paradoxa | | |?- †P. weddelii | | |-- †P. aequatorialis Hoffstetter, 1952 | | |-- †P. crassa Hoffstetter, 1952 | | |-- †P. reissi Branco, 1883 | | `-- †P. mirifica Simpson, 1931 [Tanupolama mirifica] | `--+--o Lama Cuvier, 1800 [Auchenia, Hemiauchenia, Palaeolama, Vicunga] (laamat) | | |-- L. guanicoe (Müller, 1776) (guanaco; guanako) | | |-- L. glama (Linnaeus, 1758) (lama; laama) | | `-- L. pacos (Linnaeus, 1758) (alpaca; alpakka) [a domestic form of vicuña?] | `--+-- Vicugna vicugna (Molina, 1782) (vicuña; vikunja) | `-- †Eulamaops paralellus Ameghino, 1889 `--o Camelini Webb, 1965 (camels; kamelit) |--o †Procamelus Leidy, 1858 [Homocamelus] | |-- †P. grandis Gregory, 1939 [P. dakotensis] | |-- †P. angustidens | |-- †P. robustus | |-- †P. occidentalis Leidy, 1858 [P. lacustris] | |-- †P. gracilis | |-- †P. leptocolon | |-- †P. leptognathus | `-- †P. vulcanorus (Cope, 1875) Gregory, 1942 [Pliauchenia vulcanorum Cope, 1875] `--+--o †Megatylopus Matthew & Cook, 1909 | |-- †M.(?) cochrani (Hibbard & Riggs, 1949) [Pliauchenia cochrani Hibbard & Riggs, 1949] | |-- †M. matthewi Webb, 1965 | |-- †M. gigas Matthew & Cook, 1909 [Paracamelus brevirostris] | `-- †M. primaevus Patton, 1969 `--+?=o †Paracamelus Schlosser, 1903 [Camelus sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] | |?- †P. khersonensis (Pavlow, 1903) van der Made et al. 2002 [Protocamelus khersonensis Pavlow, 1903] | |--o †(Paracamelus) Schlosser, 1903 [Camelus sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] | | |-- †P. (P.) khersonensis (Pavlow, 1903) [Procamelus khersonensis Pavlow, 1903] | | |-- †P. (P.) gigas Schlosser, 1903 [Camelus gigas] | | |-- †P. (P.) bessarabiensis (Khomenko, 1912) | | |-- †P. (P.) praebactrianus (Orlov, 1927) | | |-- †P. (P.) alexejevi Khavesson, 1950 | | `-- †P. (P.) aguirrei Morales, 1984 | `--o †(Neoparacamelus) Khavesson, 1954 | |-- †P. (N.) alutensis (Stefanescu, 1910) | `-- †P. (N.) kuljenensis (Khomenko, 1915) |--o Camelus Linnaeus, 1758 [Cameliscus, Paracamelus Schlosser, 1903 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997, Neoparacamelus Khavesson, 1954 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997] (camels; kamelit) | |?- †C. hesternus | |?- †C. sivalensis | |?- †C. thomasi | |-- †C. grattardi Geraads, 2014 | `--+-- †C. knoblochi Nehring, 1901 | |-- C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 (dromedar, one-hump camel; dromedaari, yksikyttyräinen kameli) | `--o C. ferus Przewalski, 1883 [C. bactrianus] (Bactrian camel, two-hump camel; kameli; kaksikyttyräinen kameli) | |-- C. f. bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758 (domestic camel; kameli(kesymuoto)) | `-- C. f. ferus Przewalski, 1883 (wild camel; kameli(luonnonvarainen)) `--+?- †"Pliauchenia" merriami (Frick, 1921) |?- †Gigantocamelus spatulus (Cope) Meade, 1945 [Pliauchenia spatulus Cope; Gigantocamelus Meade, 1945] |-- †Titanotylopus nebraskensis Barbour & Schultz, 1934 `-- †Megacamelus merriami Frick, 1929
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Gentry, A., Clutton-Brock, J. & Groves, C. P., 1996: Case 3010: Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals.
–Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature: Vol. 53, #1, pp. 28-37 - Geraads, D., 2014: Camelus grattardi, sp. nov., a new camel from the Shungura Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia, and the relationships of African fossil Camelidae (Mammalia).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 34, #6, pp. 1481-1485 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.880447] - van der Made, J., Morales, J., Sen, S. & Aslan, F., 2002: The first camel from the Upper Miocene of Turkey and the dispersal of the camels into the Old World.
–Comptes Rendus Palevol: Vol. 1, #1, pp. 117-122 - McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.
–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631 - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiii - Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's mammals of the World; Part 2.
–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xii-643-1629 - Ruez Jr., Dennis R., 2005: Earliest record of Palaeolama (Mammalia, Camelidae) with comments on “Palaeolama” gunajuatensis.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, #3, pp. 741-744 - Voorhies, M. R. & Corner, R. G., 1986: Megatylopus(?) cochrani (Mammalia: Camelidae): A re-evaluation.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 6, #1, pp. 65-75