After Head, Raza & Gingerich, 1999, Lapparent de Broin, 2000, and Sukhanov, 2000
<==o Trionychidae Gray, 1825 [non Fitzinger, 1826; Bell, 1828??] (soft-shell turtles; pehmeäkilpikonnat) |?- †“Amyda” orlovi Khozatskii, 1976 |?- †“Amyda” menenri Chkhikvadze & Shuvalov, 1988 |?- †“Aspideretoides” maortuensis Yeh, 1965 [Kuhnemys Chkhikvadze, 1999] |?-o †Platypeltis Fitzinger, 1835 | |-- †P. amnicola | `-- †P. trepida |?-o †Ulutrionychini Kordikova, 1994a [“paedomorphic trionychids with underdeveloped shells” (Vitek & Danilov, 2010)] | |-- †Ulutrionyx | `--o †Axestemys [incl.? Conchochelys; Paleotrionyx, Eurycephalochelys] [Rafetus (Axestemys)] | |-- †A. bissinus | |-- †A. nelsoni | |-- †A. exquisitus | |-- †A. uintanensis | |-- †A. tritor | |-- †A. salebrosus | `-- †A. eloisae |?-o †Paraplastomeni Kordikova, 1994a [“trionychids with hyperossified shells” (Vitek & Danilov, 2010)] | `--o †Paraplastomenus Korilova, 1991 [Crassithecachelys Chkhikvadze] | `-- †p. mlynarskii (Chkhikvadze, 1970) [Plastomenus mlynarski Chkhikvadze, 1970] |?-o †Aspideretoides Gardner, Russell & Brickman, 1995 | |-- †A. allani (Gilmore, 1923) | |-- †A. foveatus (Leidy, 1856) | |-- †A. riabinini (Kuznetzov & Chkhikvadze, 1987) [Trionyx riabinini Kuznetzov & Chkhikvadze, 1987; “Plastomenus” riabinini Chkhikvadze & Shuvalov, 1988; Parapastomenus riabinini Kordikova, 1991; Crassithecachelys riabinini Chkhikvadze, 2000] | `-- †A. splendidus Hay, 1908 |?- †Drazinderetes tethyensis Head, Raza & Gingerich, 1999 |?- †“Trionyx” aquitanicus |?- †“Trionyx” barbarae |?- †“Trionyx” bohemicus Liebus, 1930 |?- †“Trionyx” bowerbankix |?- †“Trionyx” buiei |?- †“Trionyx” gergensi |?- †“Trionyx” halophilus |?- †“Trionyx” henrici |?- †“Trionyx” ikoviensis |?- †“Trionyx” incrassatus |?- †“Trionyx” kansaiensis Vitek & Danilov, 2010 [Trionyx riabinini Kuznetzov & Chkhikvadze, 1987 (in partim); Khunnuchelys sp. nov.; Vitek & Danilov, 2008] |?- †“Trionyx” kyrgyzensis Nesov, 1995 |?- †“Trionyx” messelianus |?- †“Trionyx” miensis |?- †“Trionyx” parisiensis |?- †“Trionyx” phayrei |?- †“Trionyx” planus |?- †“Trionyx” quinni |?- †“Trionyx” rivosus |?- †“Trionyx” rostratus |?- †“Trionyx” sculptus |?- †“Trionyx” vittatus |?- †“Trionyx” (Aspideretes) zakhidovi Khosatzky, 1966 |--o Trionychinae Gray, 1825 (non Fitzinger, 1826) (softshell turtles; pehmeäkilpikonnat) | |--+--+--o Apalone Rafinesque, 1832 | | | | |?- †A. latus | | | | |-- A. ferox (Schneider, 1783) [Trionyx ferox] (Florida softshell turtle; piikkijokikilpikonna) | | | | |--o A. mutica (Le Sueur, 1827) [Trionyx muticus] (smooth softshell turtle) | | | | | |-- A. m. mutica (Le Sueur, 1827) | | | | | `-- A. m. calvatus (Webb, 1959) | | | | `--o A. spinifera (Le Sueur, 1827) [Trionyx spinifer] (spiny softshell turtle) | | | | |-- A. s. aspera (Agassiz, 1857) | | | | |-- A. s. ater Webb & Legler, 1960 | | | | |-- A. s. emoryi (Agassiz, 1857) | | | | |-- A. s. guadalupensis (Webb, 1962) | | | | |-- A. s. hartwegi (Conant & Goin, 1941) | | | | |-- A. s. pallidus (Webb, 1962) | | | | `-- A. s. spinifera (Le Sueur, 1827) | | | `--o Rafetus | | | |-- R. euphraticus (Daudin, 1802) [Trionyx euphraticus] (Euphrates softshell turtle) | | | `-- R. swinhoei (Gray, 1873) [Rafetus vietnamensis Le et al. 2010] (Yangtze giant softshell turtle, Shanghai Softshell Turtle, Swinhoe’s Soft-shelled Turtle) | | `--+-- Trionyx triunguis (Forsskål, 1775) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (African or Nile softshell turtle) | | `--+--o Chitra Grey, 1844 | | | |?- †C. minor Jaekel, 1911 | | | |?- †C. selenkae Jaekel, 1911 | | | |--o C. chitra (Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle) | | | | |-- C. c. chitra (Siamese narrow-headed softshell turtle) | | | | `-- C. c. javanensis (Javanese narrow-headed softshell turtle) | | | |-- C. indica (Gray, 1831) (Indian narrow-headed shelled turtle) | | | `-- C. vandijki (Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle) | | `--o Pelochelys | | |-- P. bibroni (New Guinea giant softshell turtle) | | |-- P. cantorii (Cantor's giant softshell turtle) | | `-- P. signifera (Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle) | `--+--+--o Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809 | | | |-- †A. gregaria | | | `-- A. cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) [Trionyx cartilagineus] (Asiatic softshell turtle) | | `--o Nilssonia [incl. Aspideretes] | | |-- N. formosa (Gray, 1869) [Trionyx formosus] (Burmese softshell turtle) | | |-- N. gangetica (Cuvier, 1825) [Trionyx gangeticus; Aspideretes gangetica] (Ganges softshell turtle) | | |-- N. hurum (Gray, 1831) [Trionyx hurum; Aspideretes hurum] (Peacock softshell turtle) | | |-- N. leithii (Gray, 1872) [Trionyx leithi; Aspideretes leithii] (Nagpur softshell turtle) | | `-- N. nigricans (Anderson, 1875) [Trionyx nigricans; Aspideretes nigricans] (Black softshell turtle) | `--+-- Dogania subplana (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) Gray, 1844 [Trionyx subplanus] (Malayan softshell turtle) | |-- Palea steindachneri (Siebenrock, 1906) Meylan, 1987 [Trionyx steindachneri] (Wattle-necked softshell turtle) | `--o Pelodiscus Fitzinger, 1835 | |--o P. sinensis (Chinese softshell turtle) | | |-- P. s. sinensis | | `-- P. s. tuberculatus | |-- P. axenaria (Hunan softshell turtle) | |-- P. parviformis (Lesser Chinese softshell turtle) | `-- P. maackii (Northern Chinese softshell turtle) `--+--o Plastomeninae Hay, 1908 | |-- †Gilmoremys lancensis | `--+--o †Hutchemys Joyce, Revan, Lyson & Danilov, 2009 | | |-- †H. acupictus (Hay, 1907) Joyce & Lyson, 2011 [†Plastomenus acupictus Hay, 1907] | | |--+-- †H. arctochelys Joyce, Revan, Lyson & Danilov, 2009 | | | `-- †H. rememdium Joyce, Revan, Lyson & Danilov, 2009 | | `--+-- †H. tetanetron (Hutchison, 2009) Joyce &: Lyson, 2011 | | `-- †H. sterea (Hutchison, 2009) Joyce & Lyson, 2011 | `--o †Plastomenus Cope, 1873 | |-- †P. catenatus Cope, 1875 | |-- †P. communis Cope, 1875 | |-- †P. corrugatus Cope, 1875 | |-- †P. costatus Cope, 1875 | |-- †P. fractus Cope, 1875 | |-- †P. insignis Cope, 1873 | |-- †P. lachrymalis Cope, 1874 | |-- †P. leptomitus Cope, 1875 [Trionyx leptomitus] | |-- †P. molopinus Cope 1873 [Anostira molopinus] | |-- †P. oedemius Cope, 1872 | |-- †P. punctulatus Cope, 1873 | |-- †P. robustus Gilmore, 1919 | |-- †P. tantillus Hay, 1908 | |-- †P. thomasii Cope, 1873 | |-- †P. torrejonensis Gilmore, 1919 | `-- †P. visendus Hay, 1908 `--o Cyclanorbinae Lydekker, 1889 () |--o Lissemys punctata (Lacépède, 1788) | |-- L. p. punctata | |-- L. p. granosa | `-- L. p. scutata `--o Cyclanorbis Gray, 1835 |--o C. elegans (Gray, 1869) -group | |-- C. elegans (Gray, 1869) | `-- C. sp. cf. C. elegans [Ethiopia & Sudan] |--o C. senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) -group | |-- C. senegalensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) | |-- †C. turkanensis Meylan et al., 1990 | |-- †C. sp.1 [Uganda] | |-- †C. sp.2 [Uganda] | `-- †C. sp.3 [Uganda] [Cycloderma sp. sensu Meylan et al., 1990] `--o C. frenatum Peters, 1854 -group [Cycloderma] |-- C. frenatum Peters, 1854 |-- †C. sp.1 cf. C. frenatum [Kenia] |-- †C. sp.2 cf. C. frenatum [Mozambique] |-- †C. sp.3 cf. C. frenatum [Ethiopia] |?- †C. victoriae (Andrews, 1914) |?- †C. debroinae Meylan et al., 1990 |?- C. aubryi [Cycloderma] `?- C. sp. aff. C. melitensis [Cycloderma]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L. 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Head, J. J., Raza, S. M. & Gingerich, P. D., 1999: Drazinderetes tethyensis, a new large trionychid (Reptilia: Testudines) from the marine Eocene Drazinda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan).
–Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan: Vol. 30, #7, pp. 199-214 - Joyce, W. G. & Lyson, T. R., 2011: New Material of Gilmoremys lancensis nov. comb. (Testudines: Trionychidae) from the Hell Creek Formation and the Diagnosis of Plastomenid Turtles.
–Journal of Paleontology: Vol. 85, #3, pp. 442-459 [doi: 10.1666/10-127.1] - Joyce, W. G., Revan, A., Lyson, T. R. & Danilov, I. G., 2009: Two New Plastomenine Softshell Turtles from the Paleocene of Montana and Wyoming.
–Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History: Vol. 50, #2, pp. 307-325 [doi: 10.3374/014.050.0202] - Lapparent de Broin, F. de, 2000: African chelonians from the Jurassic to the Present: Phases of development and preliminary catalogue of the fossil record.
–Palaeontologica Africana:Vol. 36, pp. 43-82 - Sukhanov, V. R., 2000: Mesozoic turtles of Middle and Central Asia. 309-367
in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000: The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.
–Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000 xxxix-696 - Uetz, P., Etzold, T. & Chenna, R., 1995-2000: The TIGR Reptile Database
[former EMBL Reptile Database]
–iNet: http://www.reptile-database.org/ - West, R. M., Hutchison, H. & Munthe, J., 1991: Miocene vertebrates from the Siwalik Group, Westerm Nepal.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 11, #1, pp. 108-129 - Zonneveld, J.-P., Gunnell, G. F. & Bartels, W. S., 2000: Early Eocene fossil vertebrates from the southwestern Green River basin, Lincoln and Uinta Counties, Wyoming.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 20, #2, pp. 369-386