<==o SERPENTES [Ophidia] (käärmeet) |?- †Pachyophiidae `--+?- †Coniophiidae |?- †Palaeophidae |-- †Dinilysiidae |?- †"Pachyrhachidae" sensu Caldwell & Lee, 1997 |-- †Madtsoiidae `--+?-o SCOLECOPHIDIA (sokkokäärmeet) | |-- Leptotyphlopidae (matokäärmeet) | `--+-- Typhlopidae (sokkokäärmeet) | `-- Anomalepididae `--o ALETHINOPHIDIA |-- †Lapparentophidae `--+-- †Simoliophidae |--o ANILIOIDEA (telakäärmeensukuiset) | |== Cylindrophidae ()? [paraphyletic] | |-- Aniliidae (telakäärmeet) | `-- Uropeltidae (kilpipyrstökäärmeet) `--o MACROSTOMATA |-- Loxocemidae `--+-- Xenopeltidae `--+?- †"Pachyrhachidae" sensu Tchernov, Rieppel, Zaher, Polcyn & Jacobs, 2000 `--+-- Pythonidae (pythonit) `--+-- Boidae (boat) `--+== Tropidophiidae: Ungaliophiinae `--+-- Bolyeriidae [BOLYERIOIDEA] `--+-- Tropidophiidae: Tropidophiinae `--+--o ACROCHORDOIDEA (käsnäkäärmeidensukuiset käärmeet) | |?- †Nigerophidae | `-- Acrochordidae `--o COLUMBROIDEA (myrkkykäärmeet) |?- †Anomalophidae |?- †Russellophidae |--o PROTEROGLYPHA | |-- Atractaspididae [+Aparallactinae] | |-- Colubridae (tarhakäärmeet) [possibly paraphyletic] | `-- Elapidae (myrkkytarhakäärmeet) `--o OPISTHOGLYPHA `-- Viperidea (kyykäärmeet)Reference(s):
Caldwell, M. W. & Lee, M. S. Y., 1997: A snake with legs from the marine Cretaceous of the Middle East. –Nature: Vol. 386, 17 April, pp. 705-709 Scanlon, J. D., & Lee, M. S. Y., 2000: The pleistocene serpent Wonambi and the early evolution of snakes. –Nature: Vol. 403, 27 January, pp. 416-420 Tchernov, E., Rieppel, O., Zaher, H., Polcyn, M., J., & Jacobs, L., L., 2000: A fossil snake with limbs. --Science: Vol. 287, 17 March, pp. 2010-2012 Rage, J. C. & Werner, C., 1999: Mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) snakes from Wadi Abu Hashim, Sudan: The earliest snake assemblage. --Palaeontologia Africana: Vol. 35, pp. 85-110. Zaher, H. 1998: The phylogenetic position of Pachyrhachis within snakes (Squamata, Lepidosauria) --Journal or Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #1, pp. 1-3