After Carroll, 1988, and Shirai, 1996
Family -level taxonomy of basal Elasmobranchii.
<==o Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 (leveäsuiset) |?- †Doliodus problematicus (Woodward) ?M. Dev. NA. [“Diplodus” problematicus Woodward] [has been treated as ischnacanthiform acanthodian] |?- †Gladbachus adentatus |?-o †Elegestolepis | |-- †E. conica Karatajüte-Talimaa | `-- †E. grossi Karatajüte-Talimaa, 1973 |?- †Kannathalepis milleri Märss & Gagnier, 2001 [Kannathalepididae Märss & Gagnier, 2001] |?-o †Pseudodalatias [Pseudodalatiidae Reif, 1978] | |-- †P. barnstonensis (Sykes, 1971) | `-- †P. henarejensis |--o †Squatinactis Lund & Zangerl, 1974; Miss. NA. [Squatinactiformes: Squatinactidae] | |-- †S. caudispinatus Lund & Zangerl, 1974 | `-- †S. montanus Lund & Zangerl, 1974 `--o Euselachii Hay, 1902 |--o †Xenacanthimorpha Berg, 1940 | |?-o †Bransonelliformes Hampe & Ivanov, 2007 | | |-- †Barbclabornia | | `--o †Bransonella Harlton, 1933, Penn. NA. | | |-- †B. tridentata Harlton, 1933 | | |-- †B. lingulata Ivanov & Ginter, 1996 | | |-- †B. tridentata Jonhson, 1984 | | `-- †B. nebraskensis (Johnson, 1984) [Xenacanthus nebraskensis] | `-- †Xenacanthiformes Berg, 1940 [Xenacanthida Glikman, 1964] `==o Ctenacanthiformes [Ctenacanthoidea Zangerl, 1981 ] [paraphyletic] |?- †Acronemus tuberculatus (Bassanii, 1886) M. Trias. Eu. |?- †Carinacanthus jepseni Bryant, 1934 [Hybodus] [Cladoselachid after Williams, 2000] |?-o †Glikmanius Ginter, Ivanov & Lebedev, 2005 [taxonomic history] | |-- †G. occidentalis (Leidy, 1859) [taxonomic history] | `-- †G. myachkovensis (Lebedev, 2001) [taxonomic history] |?- †Heslerodus divergens (Trautschold, 1879) Ginter, 2002 [Cladodus divergens Trautschold, 1879, Phoebodus heslerorum (M.E.?) Williams, 1985] |?- †Heteropetalus elongatulus |?- †Kaibabvenator swiftae Hodnett et al. 2012 |--o †Bandringa Zangerl, 1969, Penn. NA. [Bandringidae] | |-- †B. herdinae Zangerl, 1970 | `-- †B. rayi Zangerl, 1969 |--o †Tamiobatidae Hay, 1902 [Protacrodontiformes] | |-- †Holmesella equilaterata Gunnel, 1933, Penn. NA. | |-- †Protacrodus vetustus Jaekel, 1921 M.-U. Dev. Eu. NA. U. Dev. or L. Carb. EAs. | `--o †Tamiobates [Cladodus] Eastman, 1897; U. Dev. NA. Miss. NA. | |-- †T. vestutus Eastman, 1897 | |-- †T. succinctus (St. John & Worthen, 1875) [Cladodus succinctus St. John & Worthen, 1875] | |-- †T. wachsmuthi (St. John & Worthen, 1875) | `-- †T. springeri (St. John & Worthen, 1875) |--+-- †Phoebodontidae Williams, in Zangerl, 1981 | `?-o †Antarctilamnidae | `--o †Antarctilamna Young, 1982 [Wellerodus] M.Dev. Aust. Ant. SA. | |-- †A. sp. [Colombia] | `-- †A. prisca Young, 1982 |-- †Ctenacanthidae Dean, 1909 `--+-- †Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz, 1837, Miss. Eu. [a ctenacanthiform??] `--+-- †Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis Perm. Eu. `--+-- †Onychoselache traquairi Dick, 1978, Miss. Eu. `--+?- †Steinbachodus estheriae Reif, 1980 [Steinbachodontidae Reif, 1980] |?- †Ptychodontidae Jaekel, 1989 |-- †Hybodontiformes Owen, 1846 `-- Neoselachii Compagno, 1977 (uushait; modern sharks & rays)
Elasmobranchii incertae sedis:
†“Symmorium” glabrum Ginter, 1999
†“Ctenacanthus” costellatus Traquair, 1884
†“Cladodus” striatus Agassiz, 1843
†Cladodus Agassiz [jr. synon of Cladoselache? (Williams, 1999-2000)]
†C. mirabilis Agassiz [=? Ctenacanthus major Agassiz, 1837]
†C. bassiacus (Gross, 1937)
†C. bellifer (St. John & Worthen, 1875)
†C. hassiacus
†C. wildungensis (Jaekel, 1921) [Cladoselache wildungensis Jaekel, 1921]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648.
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698. - Frickhinger, K. A., 1995: Fossil Atlas - Fishes.
–Mergus - Publishers for Natural History and Pet Books, Hans A.Baensch, Malle, Germany, 1-1088 - Ginter, M., 2002: Taxonomic notes on "Phoebodus heslerorum" and Symmorium reniforme (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii).
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #3, pp. 547-555 - Hodnett, J.-P. M., Elliott, D. K., Olson, T. J. & Wittke, J. H., 2012: Ctenacanthiform sharks from the Permian Kaibab Formation, northern Arizona.
–Historical Biology: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 381-395 [doi: 10.1080/08912963.2012.683193] - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Miller, R. F., Cloutier, R. & Turner, S., 2003: The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early Devonian Period.
–Nature: Vol. 425, pp. 501-504 - Märss, T. & Gagnier, P.-Y., 2001: A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, The Canadian Arctic.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 21, #4, pp. 693-701 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Pla, C., Márquez-Aliaga, A. & Botella, H., 2013: The chondrichthyan fauna from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Iberian Range (Spain).
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 33, #4, pp. 770-785 [doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.748668] - Shirai, S., 1996: Phylogenetic interrelationsips of neoselachians (Chondrichthyes: Euselachii). 9-36
in Stiassny, M. L. J., Parenti, L. R. & Johnson, G. D., (eds.) 1996: Interrelationships of Fishes.
–Academic Press, San Diego, California, xiii-496 - Williams, G. S., 1999-2000: A Listing of Fossil Sharks and Rays of the World.
–iNet: Gainesville's Creek Fossils: Euselachii: http://www.afn.org/~afn02877/eusel.html - Williams, M. E., 1998: A new specimen of Tamiobatus vestustus (Chondrichthyes, Ctenacanthoidea) from the Late Devonian Cleveland Shale of Ohio.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 18, #2, pp. 251-260