After Chen et al., 1995, Lundberg, 1995-1997, Shu et al., 1996 and Shu et al., 1999
<==o Cephalochordata Owen, 1846 [Leptocardia; Acrania] (lancelets; kallottomat selkäjänteiset) |?- †Metaspriggina sp. Simonetta & Insom, 1993 |-- †Cathaymyrus diadexus Shu, Conway Morris & Zhang, 1996 |-- †Pikaia gracilens Walcott, 1911 [= Pikeia gracilens lapsus calami] `--o Acrania (suikulaiset) |?- †Paleobranchiostoma hamatotergum Oelofsen & Loock, 1981 `--o Amphioxiformes (suikulaiset) |--o Branchiostomidae Bonaparte, 1841 [incl.? Assymmetronidae] | `--o Branchiostoma Costa, 1834 [Brachiostomus; Amphioxus Yarrell, 1836; Dolichorhynchus] [ITIS report: 21sp + 2ssp] | |?- B. asymmetron [?] | |-- B. africae Hubbs, in Monod, 1927 | |-- B. arabiae Webb, 1957 | |--o B. belcheri (Gray, 1847) [Amphioxus belcheri Gray, 1847] | | |-- B. b. belcheri (Willey, 1897) [Amphioxus belcheri japonica Willey, 1897] | | `-- B. b. tsingtauense Tchang-Si & Kwang-Chung Koo, 1936 | |-- B. bennetti Boschung & Gunther, 1966 | |-- B. bermudae Hubbs, 1922 | |-- B. californiense Andrews, 1893 [B. californiensis Andrews, 1893] (Californian lancelet) | |-- B. capense Gilchrist, 1902 | |-- B. caribaeum Sundevall, 1853 (Caribbean lancelet) | |-- B. elongatum (Sundevall, 1852) [Amphioxus elongatus Sundevall, 1852] | |-- B. floridae Hubbs, 1922 [non B. floridae Boschung & Mallory, 1956] (Florida lancelet) | |-- B. gambiense Webb, 1958 | |-- B. indicum (Willey, 1901) [Dolichorhynchus indicum Willey, 1901] | |-- B. lanceolatum (Pallas, 1774) [Limax lanceolatus Pallas, 1774; Amphioxus lanceolatus (Pallas, 1774); Branchiostoma lubricum Costa, 1834; non B. lanceolatum Fitzinger, 1862] (suikulainen; common lancelet) | |-- B. leonense Webb, 1956 | |-- B. longirostrum Boschung, 1983 | |-- B. malayanum Webb, 1956 | |?- B. moretonensis Kelly, 1966 | |-- B. nigeriense Webb, 1955 | |-- B. platae Hubbs, 1922 | |-- B. senegalense Webb, 1955 | |-- B. tattersalli Hubbs, 1922 | `-- B. virginiae Hubbs, 1922 `--o Asymmetrontidae [Epigonichthyidae, synonym of Branchiostomidae Bonaparte, 1841?] (toispuolissuikulaiset) `--o Epigonichthys Peters, 1876 [Asymmetron Andrews, 1893; Heteropleuron Kirkaldy, 1894; Amphioxides Gill, 1895] (toispuolissuikulaiset) [ITIS report: 7sp] |-- E. australis (Raff, 1912) [Asymmetron australis Raff, 1912] |-- E. bassanus (Günther, 1884) [Branchiostoma bassanum Günther, 1884; non E. bassanum] |-- E. cingalensis (Kirkaldy, 1894) [Heteropleuron cingalense Kirkaldy, 1894] |-- E. cultellus Peters, 1877 [Branchiostoma cultellus (Peters, 1877)] |-- E. hectori (Benham, 1901) [Heteropleuron hectori Benham, 1901] |-- E. lucayanus (Andrews, 1893) [Asymmetron lucayanum Andrews, 1893, non E. lucayanum] `-- E. maldivensis (Foster Cooper, 1903) [Asymmetron maldiviense Foster Cooper, 1903, non E. Maldiuense; Amphioxides valdiviae Goldschmidt, 1905; Branchiostoma valdiviae (Goldschmidt, 1905); Heteropleuron agassizii Parker, 1904]
Reference(s):
- Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Carroll, R. L., 1988: Appendix. 594-648
in Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.
–W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 - Chen, J.-Y., Dzik, J., Edgecombe, G. D., Ramsköld, L. & Zhou, G.-Q. 1995: A possible Early Cambrian chordate.
–Nature: vol. 377, 26 October, pp. 720-722 - Lundberg, J. G., 1995-1997: Chordata
–iNet : The Tree of Life - Lahti, S., Malmström, K. K., Koli, L., Leikola, A., Syrjämäki, J. & Lahti, J., 1980: Zoo, Suuri Eläinkirja 6: Selkärangattomat.
–Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, Porvoo-Helsinki-Juva, 1980
Original work: Beaut, Du Monde Animal XI & XII Invertébrés.
–Rizzoli Editore, Milano, 1968 - Long, J. A., 1995: The Rise of Fishes: 500 million years of evolution.
–Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore & London, pp. 1-223 - Nelson, J. S., 1994: Fishes of the world.
–John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1994, xx-600 - Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S., Zhang, X-L., 1996: A Pikaia-like chordate from the Lower Cambrian of China.
–Nature: Vol. 384, 14 November, pp. 157-158 - Shu, D-G., Luo, H-L., Conway Morris, S., Zhang, X-L., Hu, S-X., Chen, L., Han, J., Zhu., M., Li, M., & Chen, L-Z., 1999: Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China.
–Nature: Vol. 402, 4 November, pp. 42-46
Special thanks to:
Jos H. M. Dols, for gathering additional information and species of these animals.
Web-links of cephalochordates:
http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=159679
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/cephalo.html
http://www.as.ua.edu/biology/uaic/history6.html
http://www.epa.gov/emap/maia/html/data/estuary/9798/ben_taxa.txt
http://www.seto.kyoto-u.ac.jp/publication/publication_26.htm
http://www.fauna-iberica.mncn.csic.es/htmlfauna/faunibe/zoolist/ chordata/cephalochordata.html
http://www.glomis.com/reference/T8.html
http://ww.seto.kyoto-u.ac.jp/publication/publication_25.htm
http://www.uni-hohenheim.de/~bahagish/Cephalocordata.htm