After Wright, Schirtzinger, Matsumoto, Eberhard, Graves, Sanchez, Capelli, Müller, Scharpegge, Chambers & Fleischer, 2008, Mayr, 2007, 2011, and Dyke & Cooper, 2000, with Recent genera, species and subspecies from Peterson, 2016
<==o Psittaciformes Wagler, 1827 [Pan-Psittaciformes sensu Suh et al., 2011] (parrots; papukaijalinnut) |-- †Psittacopes lepidus Mayr & Daniels, 1998 `--+--o †Quercypsitta Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 [Quercypsittidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992] | |-- †Q. sudrei Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 | `-- †Q. ivani Mourer-Chauviré, 1992 `--+--o †Pseudasturidae Mayr, 1998a [=? Halcyornithidae Harrison & Walker 1972] | |-- †Pseudasturides macrocephalus (Mayr, 1998) Mayr, 2003 [Pseudastur macrocephalus Mayr, 1998a (preocc.)] | |-- †Serudaptus pohli Mayr, 2000b | `--o †Pulchrapollia Dyke & Cooper, 2000 | |?- †P. olsoni (Feduccia & Martin, 1976) [†“Primobucco” olsoni Feduccia & Martin, 1976] | `-- †P. gracilis Dyke & Cooper, 2000 [could be jr. synon. to P. olsoni (Mayr, 2002)] (beautiful parrot, “graceful; gracile pretty polly”!!) `--o Psittaciformes Wagler, 1827 sensu stricto [sensu Dyke & Cooper, 2000] [Psittacidae sensu tradionalis] (modern parrots; nykypapukaijat) |--o Strigopidae Bonaparte, 1849 [incl. Nestoridae Bonaparte, 1849] [Strigopoidea Bonaparte, 1849; Nestoroidea Bonaparte, 1849 Christidis & Boles, 2008] (kakapo, kaka´s & kea) | |-- Strigops habroptilus GR Gray, 1845 (kakapo, pöllöpapukaija) [Strigopinae] | `--o Nestorinae Bonaparte, 1849 [Nestoridae Bonaparte, 1849] | |--o †Nelepsittacus Worthy, Tennyson & Scoffeld, 2011 | | |-- †Nel. daphneleeae Worthy, Tennyson & Scoffeld, 2011 | | |-- †Nel. donmertoni Worthy, Tennyson & Scoffeld, 2011 | | |-- †Nel. minimus Worthy, Tennyson & Scoffeld, 2011 | | `?- †Nel. sp. [Worthy, Tennyson & Scoffeld, 2011] | `--o Nestor Lesson, 1830 (kea's and kaka's; keat ja kaka) [Nestorinae] | |-- Nes. notabilis Gould, 1856 (kea) | `--+-- †Nes. productus Gould, 1836(Norfolk Island Kaka) | |?- †Nes. sp. [<Chatham Islands>] | `--o Nes. meridionalis Gmelin, 1788 (kaka) | |-- Nes. m. meridionalis Gmelin, 1788 (North Island Kaka) | `-- Nes. m. septentrionalis von Liburnau, 1896 (South Island Kaka) `--+-- Cacaduidae GR Gray, 1840 [Cacatuoidea GR Gray, 1840] (cockatoos; kakadut) `--o Psittacoidea Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 `==o Psittrichasiidae Boetticher, 1959 (1854) [Psittrichasidae (nomen rejiciendum); Dasyptilidae Bonaparte, 1854][paraphyletic sensu Wright et al., 2008, often included to Psittaculidae] |--o Coracopsis Wagler, 1832 [jr. synon. Mascarinus] [Coracopsinae Joseph, Toon, Schirtzinger, Wright & Schodde, 2012 [Coracopinae (sic) Wolters, 1975 (nomen nudum)]] (Vasa parrots; mustakaijat) | |--o C. vasa (Shaw, 1812) (greater vasa parrot; isomustakaija) | | |-- C. v. comorensis (Peters, 1854) | | |-- C. v. drouhardi Lavauden, 1929 | | `-- C. v. vasa (Shaw, 1812) | `--+-- C. barklyi Newton, 1867 (Seychelles black parrot; saychellienmustakaija) | `--+-- †Mascarinus mascarinus, (Linnaeus, 1771) Lesson, 1830 [Mascarinus mascarin] (Mascarene parrot; madagaskarinkaija) | `--o C. nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) (lesser vasa parrot; black parrot; pikkumustakaija) | |-- C. n. sibilans Milne-Edwards & Oustalet 1885 (Comoro parrot) | `--+-- C. n. libs Bangs 1927 | `-- C. n. nigra (Linnaeus) 1758 `--+-- Psittrichas fulgidus (Lesson, 1830) Lesson, 1831 [Dasyptilus Wagler, 1832] [Psittrichasinae Boetticher, 1959 (1854)] (Pesquet's Parrot; kaljunaamakaija) `--+-- Psittacidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 (parrots; papukaijat) `-- Psittaculidae Vigors, 1825 [Palaeornithidae Vigors, 1825 (nomen rejiciendum); Loriidae] (lories and lorikeets; lorit & pikkukaijaset)
Psittaciformes incertae sedis:
†Halcyornis toliapicus Koenig, 1825
†Paleopsittacus georgei Harrison, 1982b
†Vastanavidae Mayr, Rana, Rose, Sahni, Kumar, Singh & Smith, 2010
†Vastanavis cambayensis Mayr, Rana, Rose, Sahni, Kumar, Singh & Smith, 2010
†Messelasturidae Mayr, 2005a
†Messelastur gratulator Peters 1994
†Tynskya eocaena Mayr 2000
Psittaciformes sensu stricto
†Archaeopsittacus verreauxi (Milne-Edwards, 1867–1871)
†Mogontiacopsitta miocaena Mayr, 2010a
†Xenopsitta fejfari Mlíkovský, 1998
†Pararallus dispar (Milne-Edwards, 1867–1871 [1869]) [Psittacus lartetianus Milne-Edwards, 1872]
†Bavaripsitta ballmanni Mayr and Göhlich, 2004
†“Conuropsis” fratercula Wetmore, 1926
Alternative phylogeny of basal Psittaciformes after Mayr, 2002, with recent parrots from Brown & Toft, 1999<==o Psittaciformes |?- †Precursor parvus |--o †Pseudasturidae | |-- †Pseudasturides macrocephalus | |-- †Serudaptus pohli | `--o †Pulchrapollia | |?- †P. olsoni | `-- †P. gracilis `--+-- †Psittacopes |-- †Quercypsitta `--o “Psittacoidea” |-- Psittacidae `--+-- Loriidae `-- Cacaduidae |
Reference(s):
- Brown, D. M., & Toft, C. A., 1999: Molecular systematics and biogeography of the cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae).
–Auk: Vol. 116, #1, pp. 141-157 - Dyke, G. J. & Cooper, J. H., 2000: A new psittaciform bird from the London Clay (Lower Eocene) of England.
–Palaeontology: Vol. 43, #2, pp. 271-285 - Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, ix-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420 - Mayr, G., 2011: Well-preserved new skeleton of the Middle Eocene Messelastur substantiates sister group relationship between Messelasturidae and Halcyornithidae (Aves, ?Pan-Psittaciformes).
–Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: Vol. 9, #1, pp. 159-171 [doi: 10.1080/14772019.2010.505252] - Joseph, L., Toon, A., Schirtzinger, E. E., Wright, T. F. & Schodde, R., 2012: A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes).
–Zootaxa: #3205, pp. 26–40 - Mayr, G., 2007: New specimens of Eocene stem-group psittaciform birds may shed light on the affinities of the first named fossil bird, Halcyornis toliapicus Koenig, 1825.
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–Academic Press, New York, 1985 - Peterson, A. P., 2016: Zoonomen Nomenclatural Data of Birds (last updated: 2016-09-25)
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–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990, XXIV-1111 - Suh, A., Paus, M., Kiefmann, M., Churakov, G., Franke, F. A., Brosius, J., Kriegs, J. O. & Schmitz, J., 2011: Mesozoic retroposons reveal parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds.
–Nature Communications: Vol. 2, art. 443 [doi: 10.1038/ncomms1448] - Worthy, T. H., Tennyson, A. J. D. & Scofield, R. P., 2011: An Early Miocene Diversity of Parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand.
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