After Olson, 1985, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Feduccia, 1996, Mayr, 2002, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Sulidae Reichenbach, 1849 (suulat) |?- †Eostega lebedinskyi Lambrecht, 1929, ?Eoc. CEu. |-- †Empheresula arvenensis (Milne-Edwards, 1867) [†Sula arvernensis Milne-Edwards, 1867] Olig.. SWEu. |-- †Masillastega rectirostris Mayr, 2002, M. Eoc. CEu. |-- †Miosula |-- †Microsula pygmaea |-- †Palaeosula |-- †Sarmatosula dobrogensis `--+-- Papasula abbotti (Ridgway, 1893) Olson & Warheit, 1988 (joulusaarensuula) |--o Morus Vieillot, 1816 (valkosuulat) | |-- †M. magnus | |-- †M. reyanus | |-- †M. peruvianus | |-- †M. avitus (Wetmore, 1938) [Sula (Microsula) avitus Wetmore, 1938] | |-- †M. atlanticus (Shufeldt, 1915) [Sula atlantica Shufeldt, 1915] | |-- †M. peninsularis Brodkorb, 1955 | |-- †M. loxostylus (Cope, 1870) [Sula loxostyla Cope, 1870; Morus loxostyla Brodkorb, 1963] | |-- †M. sp.1 [Lee Creek Formation, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | |-- †M. sp.2 [Lee Creek Formation, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | `--+-- M. bassanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (suula) | |-- M. capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823) (kapinsuula) | `-- M. serrator (G.R. Gray, 1843) (australiansuula) `--+-- †Rhamphastosula ramirezi Stucchi & Urbina, 2004; L.Plio. ESA. `--o Sula Brisson, 1760 (ruskosuulat) |-- †S. ronzoni Milne-Edwards, 1897, L. Olig. WEu. |-- †S. magna |-- †S. sulita |-- S. nebouxii Milne-Edwards, 1882 (sinijalkasuula) |-- S. variegata (Tschudi, 1843) (perunsuula) |-- S. dactylatra (Lesson, 1831) [incl †Sula tasmani van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988] (naamiosuula) |-- S. sula (Linnaeus, 1766) (punajalkasuula) `-- S. leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) (ruskosuula)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Mayr, G., 2002: A skull of a new pelicaniform from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany.
–Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: Vol. 47, #3, pp. 507-512 - Olson, S. L., 1975: Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Baleobiology: Nr. 23, pp. iv-49 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: Nr. 90, iii-365 - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111. - Stucchi, M. & Urbina, M., 2004: Ramphastosula (Aves, Sulidae): a new genus from the Early Pliocene of the Pisco Formation, Peru.
–Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 24, #4, pp. 974-978