Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Strisores – nightjars and relatives

After Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011, Olson, 1985, Feduccia, 1996, Sibley & Monroe, 1990, Livezey & Zusi, 2001, Mayr, 2004, 2005, and Sangster, 2005

<==o Strisores Baird, 1858 sensu Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011 [Incessores baird, 1858; incl. Cypselomorphae Huxley, 1867]
   |?- †Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes Mayr, 2005a
   |--+--o Steatornithidae [Steatornithiformes] (oilbirds; rasvalinnut)
   |  |  |-- †Prefica nivea Olson, 1987 [Preficinae]
   |  |  `--o †Steatornithinae (modern oilbirds; nykyrasvakehrääjät)
   |  |     `--o Steatornis (rasvakehrääjät)
   |  |        |?- †S. sp.
   |  |        `-- S. caripensis (oilbird; rasvakehrääjä)
   |  `--o Podargiformes Mathews, 1918 sensu Nesbitt, Ksepka & Clarke, 2011
   |     |-- †Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus Mayr & Daniels, 2001 [Fluvioviridavidae Mayr, 2005a]
   |     `--+-- †Masillapodarcus longipes
   |        |?- †Quercypodargus olsoni
   |        `-- Podargidae [incl. Batrachostomidae] (frogmouths; pöllökehrääjät)
   `--o Cypselomorphae Huxley, 1867 sensu Mayr, 2002
      |?- †Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri Mayr, 2005; M.Eoc. CEu.
      |?-o †Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980
      |  |-- †Hassiavis laticauda Mayr, 1998; M.Eoc. CEu.
      |  `--o †Archaeotrogon
      |     |-- †A. venustus
      |     |-- †A. zitteli
      |     |-- †A. cayluxensis
      |     `-- †A. hoffstetteri
      `--+--o Caprimulgiformes sensu stricto
         |  |--+--o †Paraprefica
         |  |  |  |-- †P. kelleri
         |  |  |  `-- †P. major
         |  |  `--o Nyctibiidae (pökkelökehrääjät)
         |  |     |-- †Euronyctibius kurochkini
         |  |     `--o Nyctibius Vieillot, 1816 (pökkelökehrääjät)
         |  |        |--o N. grandis (Gmelin, 1789) (Large potoo, isopökkelökehrääjä)
         |  |        |  |-- N. g. grandis (Gmelin, 1789)
         |  |        |  `-- N. g. guatemalensis Land & Schultz, 1963
         |  |        |--o N. aethereus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Large-tailed Potoo; pyrstöpökkelökehrääjä)
         |  |        |  |-- N. a. aethereus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Large-tailed Potoo)
         |  |        |  |-- N. a. chocoensis Chapman, 1921
         |  |        |  `-- N. a. longicaudatus (Spix, 1825) (Long-tailed Potoo)
         |  |        |--o N. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Common Potoo)
         |  |        |  |-- N. j. abbotti Richmond, 1917 (Hispaniolan Potoo)
         |  |        |  |-- N. j. costaricensis Ridgway, 1912 (Central American common potoo)
         |  |        |  |-- N. j. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Jamaica Potoo)
         |  |        |  |-- N. j. lambi Davis, J., 1959
         |  |        |  `-- N. j. mexicanus Nelson, 1900 (Mexican common potoo)
         |  |        |--o N. griseus (Gmelin, 1789) (Grey Potoo; harmaapökkelökehrääjä)
         |  |        |  |-- N. g. griseus (Gmelin, 1789) (Grey Potoo)
         |  |        |  |?- N. g. cornutus (Paraguayan Potoo)
         |  |        |  `-- N. g. panamensis Ridgway 1912
         |  |        |-- N. maculosus Ridgway, 1912 (Andean Potoo)
         |  |        |-- N. leucopterus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) (valkopökkelökehrääjä)
         |  |        `-- N. bracteatus Gould, 1846 (ruskopökkelökehrääjä)
         |  `--o Caprimulgidae (nightjars; kehrääjät)
         |     |?- †Ventivorus ragei
         |     |-- Chordeilinae (haukkakehrääjät)
         |     `-- Caprimulginae (varsinaiset kehrääjät)
         `--o Daedalornithes Sangster, 2005
            |--o Aegothelidae (Bonaparte, 1853) [Aegotheliformes Simonetta, 1967; Aegotheli Sibley et al., 1988] (owlet-nightjars; australiankehrääjät)
            |  |-- †Quipollornis koniberi
            |  `--o Aegotheles Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 (australinkehrääjät)
            |     |-- A. affinis Salvadori, 1876
            |     |--o A. albertisi PL Sclater, 1874 (vuorikehrääjä)
            |     |  |-- A. a. albertisi PL Sclater, 1874
            |     |  |-- A. a. salvadorii Hartert, 1892
            |     |  `-- A. a. wondiwoi Mayr & Rand, 1936
            |     |-- A. archboldi Rand. 1941 (idänvuorikehrääjä)
            |     |--o A. bennettii Salvadori & Albertis, 1875 (juovakehrääjä)
            |     |  |-- A. b. bennettii Salvadori & Albertis, 1875
            |     |  |-- A. b. plumifer EP Ramsay, 1883
            |     |  |-- A. b. terborghi Diamond, 1967
            |     |  `-- A. b. wiedenfeldi Laubmann, 1914
            |     |-- A. crinifrons (Bonaparte,) 1850 (sundankehrääjä)
            |     |--o A. cristatus (Shaw, 1790) (australiankehrääjä)
            |     |  |-- A. c. cristatus (Shaw, 1790)
            |     |  `-- A. c. tasmanicus Mathews, 1918
            |     |-- A. insignis Salvadori, 1876 (sinettikehrääjä)
            |     |-- A. tatei Rand, 1941
            |     |-- †A. savesi EL Layard & ELC Layard, 1881 (uudenkaledoniankehrääjä?)
            |     |--o A. wallacii GR Gray, 1859 (arunkehrääjä)
            |     |  |-- A. w. gigas Rothschild, 1931
            |     |  |-- A. w. manni Diamond, 1969
            |     |  `-- A. w. wallacii GR Gray, 1859
            |     `-- †A. novaezealandiae [Megaegotheles]
            `-- Apodiformes Peters, 1940 (swifts & hummingbirds; kirskulinnut)

<==o Strisores
   |-- Caprimulgidae
   `--+--+--o Steatornithiformes
      |  |  `-- Steatornithidae
      |  `-- Nyctibiidae
      `--+--o Podarciformes
         |  `-- Podarcidae
         `--o Daedalornithes
            |--o Aegotheliformes
            |  `-- Aegothelidae
            `-- Apodiformes

<==o Strisores
   |--+?-o Steatornithiformes
   |  |  `-- Steatornithidae
   |  `--o Podarciformes
   |     `-- Podarcidae
   `--o Cypselomorphae
      |--o Caprimulgiformes s.s.
      |  |-- Nyctibiidae
      |  `-- Caprimulgidae
      `--o Daedalornithes
         |--o Aegotheliformes
         |  `-- Aegothelidae
         `-- Apodiformes

Reference(s):

• Feduccia, A., 1996: The origin and evolution of birds.
  –Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, xii-420

Livezey, B. C. & Zusi, R. L., 2001: Higher-order phylogenetics of modern Aves based on comperative anatomy.
–Netherlands Journal of Zoology: Vol. 51, #2, pp. 179-205

• Mayr, G., 2002: Osteological evidence for paraphyly of the avian order Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and allies).
  –Journal of Ornithology: Vol. 143, pp. 82-97
• Mayr, G., 2004: New specimens of Hassiavis laticauda (Aves: Cypselomorphae) and Quasisyndactylus longibrachis (Aves: Alcediniformes) from the Middle Eocene of messel, Germany.
  –Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenburg: #252, pp. 23-28
• Mayr, G., 2005: A new cypselomorph bird from the Middle Eocene of Germany and the early diversification of avian aerial insectivores.
  –The Condor: Vol. 107, pp. 342-352
• Nesbitt, S. J., Ksepka, D. T. & Clarke, J. A., 2011: Podargiform Affinities of the Enigmatic Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus and the Early Diversification of Strisores (“Caprimulgiformes” + Apodiformes).
  –Plos One: Vol. 6, #11, pp. e26350 [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026350]
• Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
  in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
  –Academic Press, New York. 1985.

• Sangster, G., 2005: A name for the clade formed by owlet-nightjars, swifts and hummingbirds (Aves).
  –Zootaxa: #799, pp. 1-6
• Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, J., BL. 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
  –Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. XXIV-1111