After Olson, 1975, 1985, Feduccia, 1980, 1996, Livezay, 1998, and Sibley & Monroe, 1990
<==o Rallini Rafinesque, 1815 (nokikanat; true rails) |?- Aenigmatolimnas marginalis (pitkävarvashuitti) |--+-- †Aphanapteryx bonasia Sélys-Longchamps, 1848) Frauenfeld, 1868 (Mauritiuksenhuitti; Mauritius rail) | |--+-- †Cabalus modestus (Hutton, 1872) Hutton, 1874 (chathamsaartenluhtakana) [is also a Rallina?] | | `--†Capellirallus karamu Falla, 1954 (snipe-billed rail) | `--+-- †Aphanapteryx leguati (Milne-Edwards, 1874) (rodriguesinluhtakana; Rodriquez rail) | `--+-- Nasotrochis | `-- †Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi Forbes, 1892 (Hawkin's rail) |--o Pardirallina Livezey, 1998 | |-- Cyanolimnas cerverai Barbour & Peters, 1927 (kuubanluhtakana; Zapata rail) | |-- Pardirallus maculatus (Boddaert, 1783) Bonaparte, 1856 (helmiluhtakana; spotted rail) | `--o Ortygonax Heine, 1890 [Pardirallus] ()? | |-- O. nigricans (Vieillot, 1819) (tummaluhtakana; blackish rail) | `-- O. sanguinolentus (Swainson, 1838) (liuskeluhtakana; plumbeous rail) `--+-- Rallina Rafinesque, 1815 (luhtakanat; long-billed rails) `==o Crecina Olphe-Galliard, 1887 (luhtakanat; crakes) [paraphyletic] |--o Atlantisia Lowe, 1923 (atlantisluhtakanat; Sout Atlantig fightless rails) | |-- †A. elpenor Olson, 1973 (ascensioninluhtakana; Ascension Island rail) | `-- A. rogersi Lowe, 1923 (erakkoluhtakana; Inaccessible Island rail) `==o Laterallus G.R. Grey, 1855 (rääkät; blackish and ruddy crakes) [paraphyleric] |--o (Creciscus) Cabanis, 1857 (blackish crakes) | |-- L. (C.) spilonotus (Gould, 1841) (galapagosinrääkkä; Galápagos crake) | `--o L. (C.) jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) (mustarääkkä; black crake) | |-- L. (C.) j. jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1789) [incl. salinasi, coturniculus] (mustarääkkä; black crake) | |-- L. (C.) j. tuerosi Fjeldså, 1983 (Junín crake) | `-- L. (C.) j. murivagans (Riley, 1916) (cinnamon-vented crake) `==o (Laterallus) G.R. Grey, 1855 (ruddy crakes) [paraphyletic] |-- L. fasciatus (Sclater & Salvin, 1867) (mustavyörääkkä; black-banded ruddy-crake) |--+-- L. levraudi (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) (orinakonrääkkä; rusty-flanked ruddy-crake) | |-- L. viridis (Müller, 1776) (pensasrääkkä; russet-crowned ruddy-crake) | `-- L. ruber (Sclater & Salvin, 1860) (meksikonrääkkä; black-headed ruddy-crake) |--+-- L. melanophaius (Vieillot, 1819) (eteläamerikanrääkkä; rufous-sided ruddy-crake) | `--+-- L. cinereiceps (Lawrence, 1875) (grey-headed ruddy-crake) | `--+-- L. albigularis (Lawrence, 1861) [incl. cerdaleus] (lymyrääkkä; white-throated ruddy-crake) | `--+-- L. exilis (Temminck, 1831) (ruohikkorääkkä; gray-breasted ruddy-crake) | `--+-- L. leucopyrrhus (Vieillot, 1819) (paranarääkkä; white-breasted ruddy-crake) | `-- L. xenopterus Conover, 1934 (paraguaynrääkkä; rufous-faced ruddy-crake) `==o Porzana Vieillot, 1816 [Aphanolimnas] (huitit; gray crakes and allies) [paraphyletic] |?- †P. sp. [Olson & Wingate, in prep.] (bermudanhuitti; Bermuda crake) |?- †P. astrictocarpus Olson, 1973 (santhelenanhuitti; St. Helena Island crake) |?- †P. rua Steadman, 1986 (Mangaianhuitti; Mangaian crake) |?- †P. ziegleri Olson & James, 1991 (oahunvähähuitti; lesser Oahu crake) |?- †P. menehune Olson & James, 1991 (molokainvähähuitti; lesser Molokai crake) |?- †P. keplerorum Olson & James, 1991 (mauinvähähuitti; lesser Maui crake) |?- †P. ralphorum Olson & James, 1991 (oahunisohuitti; greater Oahu crake) |?- †P.seversi Olson & James, 1991 (mauinisohuitti; grater Maui crake) |==o (Corethrura) G.R. Grey, 1846 (reddish crakes) [paraphyletic] | |-- †Porzana (Corethrura) sandwichensis (Gmelin, 1789) (havaijinhuitti; Hawaiian crake) | `--+-- Porzana (Corethrura) fusca (Linnaeus, 1766) (kiinanhuitti; ruddy-breasted crake) | |-- Porzana (Corethrura) paykullii (Ljungh, 1813) (rumpaliräikkä; band-bellied crake) | `--+--o Coturnicops G.R. Grey, 1854 (rääkkiäiset; barred-backed crakes) | | |-- C. notatus (Gould, 1841) (darwininrääkkiäinen; Darwin's crake) | | `--o C. noveboracensis (Gmelin, 1789) (kultarääkkiäinen) | | |-- C. n. exquisitus (Swinhoe, 1873) (kiinankultarääkkiäinen; Swinhoe's Rail, Chinese yellow crake) | | `-- C. n. noveboracensis (Gmelin, 1789) [incl. goldmani] (amerikankultarääkkiäinen; American yellow crake) | `--+--o Micropygia Bonaparte, 1856 [Coturnicops, Porzana] (keltarintahuitit, yellow-breasted crakes) | | |-- M. schomburgkii (Schomburgk, 1848) [Coturnicops schomburgkii] (sihinärääkkiäinen; ocellated crake) | | `-- M. flaviventer (Boddaert, 1783) [Porzana flaviventer] (keltarintahuitti; yellow-breasted crake) | `--+--o Porzana (Poliolimnas) Sharpe, 1893 (pale-browed crakes) | | |-- P. (P.) cinerea (Vieillot, 1819) (harmaarintahuitti) | | `-- P. (P.) marginalis Hartlaub, 1857 (striped crake) | `==o (Porzana) Vieillot, 1816 (huitit; gray crakes) [paraphyletic] | |-- Porzana (Porzana) parva (Scopoli, 1769) (pikkuhuitti; little crake) | `--+--o Porzana (Porzana) porzana -species-group | | |-- P. (P.) pusilla (Pallas, 1776) (kääpiöhitti; Baillon's crake) | | `--+-- P. (P.) carolina (Linnaeus, 1758) (amerikanhuitti; Sora crake) | | `--+-- P. (P.) porzana (Linnaeus, 1766) (luhtahuitti; spot-breasted crake) | | `-- P. (P.) fluminea Gould, 1842 (australianhuitti; spotted crake) | `--+-- †Porzana (Porzana) palmeri (Frohawk, 1892) (laysaninhuitti; Laysan crake) | `--+-- Porzana (Porzana) spiloptera Durnford, 1877 (pampahuitti; dot-winged crake) | `--o Crex Bachstein, 1803 [Porzana] (ruisrääkät; greater crakes) | |-- C. crex (Linnaeus, 1758) (ruisrääkkä; corn crake) | |-- C. egregia (Peters, 1854) [Porzana egregia; Crecopsis egregia] (savannihuitti; African crake) | `-- C. albicollis (Vieillot, 1819) [Porzana albicollis] (sepelhuitti; white-necked crake) `==o Porzana (Limnocorax) Peters, 1854 (black crakes) [paraphyletic] |-- Porzana (Limnocorax) tabuensis (Gmelin, 1789) (putotohuitti; spotless crake) `--+-- †Porzana (L.) monasa (Kittlitz, 1858) [Aphanolimnas monasa] (kusaisaartenhuitti; Kosrae crake) `--+-- Porzana (Limnocorax) atra North, 1908 (nokihuitti; Henderson Island crake) `--+-- Porzana (Limnocorax) flavirostra (Swainson, 1837) (mustahuitti; black crake) `--+-- Porzana (Limnocorax) olivieri Grandidier & Berlioz, 1927) (madagaskarinhuitti; Madagascan crake) `--+--+-- Porzana (Limnocorax) bicolor Walden, 1872 (pikkusuokana; black-tailed crake) | `--o (Neocrex) Sclater & Salvin, 1868 (red-billed crakes) | |-- P. (N.) columbiana (Bangs, 1898) (kolumbianhuitti; Colombian crake) | `-- P. (N.) erythrops Sclater, 1867 (punajalkahuitti; paint-billed crake) `--+--o Amaurornithina Livezey, 1998 | `--o Amaurornis Reichenbach, 1853 [incl. Megacrex] (suokanat; waterhens) | |--o A. olivaceus (Meyen, 1834) (naukusuokana) | | |-- A. o. olivaceus (Meyen, 1834) (naukusuokana; rufous-tailed waterhen) | | |-- A. o. moluccanus (Wallace, 1865) [incl. nigrifrons, frankii, ultimus] (Rufous-vented waterhen) | | |-- A. o. ruficrissus (Gould, 1869) (red-fronted waterhen) | | `?- A. o. magnirostris Lambert, 1998 (Talaud waterhen) | `--+-- A. phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769) (ojasuokana; white-brested waterhen) | `--+-- A. akool (Sykes, 1832) (ruskosuokana; brown waterhen) | `--+-- A. isabellinus (Schlegel, 1865) (celebesinsuokana; Isabelline waterhen) | `-- A. ineptus (D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879) [Megacrex inepta] (rujosuokana; New Guinean flightess waterhen) `-- Fulicarina (Nitzsch, 1820) sensu Livezey, 1998 (lieju- ja nokikanat; moorhens and coots)
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Holdaway, R. N., Worthy, T. H. & Tennyson, A. J. D., 2001: A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact.
–New Zealand Journal of Zoology: Vol. 28, pp. 119-187 - Livezey, B. C., 1998: A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae).
–Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Biology): Vol. 353, pp. 2077-2151 - Olson, S. L., 1975: Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Baleobiology: Vol. 23, pp. iv-49 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B, L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.