Rallina after Livezey, 1998

<==o Rallina Rafinesque, 1815 (luhtakanat; long-billed rails)
   |-- "Rallus" madagascariensis (Verreaux, 1833) (madagaskarinluhtakana; wine-breasted rail)
   `--+--o Dryolimnas cuvieri (Pucheran, 1845) Sharpe, 1893 [Canirallus cuvieri] (sepelmetsähuitti; Madagascan rail)
      |  |-- D. c. cuvieri (Pucheran, 1845) (sepelmetsähuitti; Madagascan rail)
      |  |-- D. c. albabranus (Günther, 1879) (Aldabra Islands rail)
      |  `-- D. c. abbotti (Ridgway, 1894) (assumption Island rail)
      `--+-- Rallus caerulescens Gmelin, 1779 (kafferiluhtakana; kaffir rail)
         `--+--+== Rallus Linnaeus, 1758 (luhtakanat) [paraphyletic]
            |  `-- Gallirallus Lafresnaye, 1841 (wekaluhtakanat; lesser Pacific rails)
            `--+--+--o Tricholimnas Sharpe, 1893 (metsähuitit; greater Pacific rails)
               |  |  |-- T. lafresnayanus (Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860) (kanakkiluhtakana; New Caledonian rail)
               |  |  `--o T. sylvestris (Sclater, 1896) (ruskoluhtakana)
               |  |     |-- T. s. sylvestris (Sclater, 1896) (lordhowensaarenruskoluhtakana)
               |  |     `-- T. s. conditicius Peters & Griscom, 1928 (gilbertsaartenruskoluhtakana; Gilbert Islands rail)
               |  `--o Nesoclopeus poecilopterus (Hartlaub, 1866) Peters, 1932 (salomoninrääkät)
               |     |-- N. p. poecilopterus (Hartlaub, 1866) (viiruluhtakana)
               |     |-- N. p. woodfordi (Ogilvie, 1889) (Cuadacanal bar-winged rail, Woodford's Rail)
               |     `-- N. p. immaculatus Mayr, 1949 (Ysabel bar-winged rail)
               `--+-- Aramidopsis plateni (Blasius, 1886) Sharpe, 1893 (celebesinluhtakana)
                  `--+-- Cabalus modestus (Hutton, 1872) Hutton, 1874 (chathamsaartenluhtakana)
                     `--o Habropteryx Stresemann, 1932 (barred-rails)
                        |-- H. insignis (koiraluhtakana; New Britan barred-rail)
                        `--+-- H. okinawae (Yamashita & Mano, 1981) (okinawanluhtakana; okinawan barred-rail)
                           `--o H. torquatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (viiksiluhtakana)
                               |-- H. t. celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) (Celebes barred-rail)
                               |-- H. t. torquatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (viiksiluhtakana; Philippine barred-rail)
                               `-- H. t. sulcirostris (Wallace, 1862) [incl. kuehni, limarius, remigialis] (Eastern barred-rail)

Reference(s):

Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196

Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420

Livezey, B. C., 1998: A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae).
–Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Biology): Vol. 353, pp. 2077-2151

Olson, S. L., 1975: Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Baleobiology: Vol. 23, pp. iv-49

Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985.

Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B, L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.


Last updated: 2002-09-15