After Livezey, 1996
<==o Mergini (mergasers; sukeltajasorsat) |?-o †Chendytes [Chendytina] | |-- †C. lawi | `-- †C. milleri |--o Somanterina (haahkat) | |-- Polysticta stelleri (allihaahka) | `--o Somateria (haahkat) | |?- †S. sp. [Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina] [Olson & Rasmussen, 2001] | |-- S. (Lampronetta) fischeri (silmälasihaahka) | `--o (Somateria) | |-- S. (S.) spectabilis (kyhmyhaahka) | `-- S. (S.) mollissima (haahka) `--o Mergina (sukeltajasorsat) |--o Histrionicus [supergenus] | `--o Histrionicus [†Ocyplonessa Brodkorb, 1961] (virta-allit) | |-- †H. shotwelli (Brodkorb, 1961) [†Ocyplonessa Brodkorb, 1961] | `-- H. histrionicus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Anas histrionicus Linnaeus, 1758; + †Melanitta ceruttii Chandler, 1990a] (virta-alli) `--+--o Melanitta [supergenus] | |-- †Camptorhynchus labradorius (labradorinsorsa) | `--o Melanitta (mustalinnut) | |-- M. (Oidemia) nigra (mustalintu) | `--o (Melanitta) | |-- M. (M.) perspicillata (pilkkaniska) | `-- M. (M.) fusca (pilkkasiipi) `--o Mergus [supergenus] |-- Clangula hyemalis (alli) `--+--+-- Margellus albellus (uivelo) | `--o Bucephala (telkät) | |-- B. (Bucephala) albeola [+ †B. fossilis Howard, 1963] (pikkutelkkä) | `--o (Glaucionetta) (isotelkät) | |-- B. clangula [+ †B. ossivallis Brodkorb, 1955] (telkkä) | `-- B. islandica (amerikantelkkä) `-+-- Lophodytes cucullatus (harjakoskelo) `--o Mergus (koskelot) |?- †M. miscellus |-- †M. (Promergus) australis (uudenseelanninkoskelo) `--+-- M. (Prister) octosetaceus (brasiliankoskelo) `--o (Mergus) |-- M. (M.) merganser (isokoskelo) `--+-- M. (M.) serrator (tukkakoskelo) `-- M. (M.) squamatus (amurinkoskelo)
Reference(s):
- Ericson, P. G. P., 1996: Systematic relationships of the Palaeogene family Presbyornithidae (Aves: Anseriformes).
–Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: vol. 121, #4, pp. 429-483 - Livezey, B. C. 1996: A phylogenetic classification of waterfowl (Aves: Anseriformes), including selected fossil species.
–Annals of Carnegie Museum: vol. 66, #4, pp. 457-496. - Olson, S. L. & Rasmussen, P. D., 2001: Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. 233-365
in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D. J., (eds.) 2001: Geology and paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III.
–Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology: No. 90, iii-365