After Lerner & Mindell, 2005, with species from Sibley & Monroe, 1990, and Peterson, 2002-2004, with Finnish vernacular names from Lokki, Jännes & Nikander, 1992
<==o Aquilinae Gadow, 1893 (booted eagles, hawkeagles; kotkat) `==o Spizaetus Vieillot, 1816 (jalokotkat) |?- †Spizaetus grinnelli (Miller, 1911) |?-o Spizaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, 1788) (jalokotka) | |-- Spizaetus c. cirrhatus (Crested Hawk Eagle) | `-- Spizaetus c. floris (Sunda Hawk Eagle) |?- Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 (jaavanjalokotka) |?- Spizaetus philippensis Gould, 1863 (filippiinienjalokotka) |--+--+-- Spizaetus cirrhatus lineatus (Changeable Hawk Eagle) | | `-- Spizaetus lanceolatus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 (celebesinjalokotka) | `--+-- Spizaetus nanus Wallace, 1868 (pikkujalokotka) | `--+-- Spizaetus alboniger (Blyth, 1845) (vuorijalokotka) | `-- Spizaetus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) (mahtijalokotka) `--+--+-- Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (ritarijalokotka) | `--+-- Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot, 1816) G.R. Gray, 1841 (töyhtövalkokotka) | `--+-- Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin, 1800) (kuningasjalokotka) | `-- Oroaetus isidori (Des Murs, 1845) Ridgway, 1920 (rotkokotka) `--+--o Stephanoaetus W.L. Sclater, 1922 (keisarijalokotkat) | |-- †S. maherty (madagaskarinkeisarijalokotka) | `-- S. coronatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (keisarijalokotka) `==o Aquila Brisson, 1760 sensu lato |-- Hieraaetus kienerii (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835) (punavatsakotka) `--+-- Polemaeetus bellicosus (Daudin, 1800) Heine, 1890 [Hieraaetus bellicosus] (taistelukotka; gasellikotka) `--+--+-- Lophaetus occipitalis (Daudin, 1800) Kaup, 1847 (töyhtökotka) | `--+-- Ictinaetus malayensis (Temminck, 1822) Blyth, 1843 (rosvokotka) | `--+-- Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811 (kiljukotka) | `-- Aquila hastata (Lesson, 1831) [Aquila pomarina hastata] `--+--+-- Aquila wahlbergi Sundevall, 1850 (sirokotka) | `--o Hieraaetus Kaup, 1844 sensu stricto? (hawk-eagles; pikkukotkat) | |-- Hieraaetus ayresii (Gurney, 1862 (afrikanpikkukotka) | `--+-- Hieraaetus morphnoides morphoides (Gould, 1841) (australianpikkukotka) | `--+-- Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin, 1788) (Booted Eagle; pikkukotka) [Hieraaetus-type] | `-- Hieraaetus morphnoides weiskei (Reichenow, 1900) (Pygmy eagle) `--+--+--o Aquila nipalensis Hodgson, 1833 (Steppe Eagle) | | |-- A. n. orientalis (Western Steppe Eagle) | | `-- A. n. nipalensis (Eastern Steppe Eagle) | `--+-- Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809 (keisarikotka) | `--o Aquila rapax (Temminck, 1828) (arokotka) | |-- A. r. rapax (savannikotka) | `-- A. r. vindhiana (Asian Tawny Eagle) `--+-- Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758) (Golden Eagle; maakotka) [Aquila-type] `--+-- Spizaetus africanus (Cassin, 1865) (afrikanjalokotka) `--+--+-- Aquila verreauxii Lesson, 1831 (mustakotka) | `--+-- Aquila audax (Latham, 1802) (kiilapyrstökotka) | |?- †Harpagornis moorei (uudenseelanninkotka) | `-- Aquila gurneyi G.R. Gray, 1861 (papuankotka) `--+-- Hieraaetus spilogaster (Bonaparte, 1850) (afrikanvuorikotka) `-- Hieraaetus fasciatus (Vieillot, 1822) (vuorikotka)
Untreated Aquilines:
Aquila Brisson, 1760 (maakotkat) [polyphyletic]
A. pomarina C.L. Brehm, 1831 (pikkukiljukotka)
A. adalberti C.L. Brehm, 1861 (Adalbert's Eagle)
†A. bullockensis Gaff & Boles, 2010
†A. bivia L.Plio. SWNAm.
†A. sp. Holo. Mad. (madagaskarinkotka)
†?A. delphinensis (M./L.Mio. SEu.
†?A. pennatoides (M./L.Mio. SEu.
†A. sp. L.Mioc.-L.Plio. SEu.
†A. sp. E.Plio. SENAm.
†A. sp. M.Pleist. SEu.
†?A. fossilis M./L.Pleist. SEu.
Reference(s):
- Feduccia, A., 1980: The Age of Birds.
–Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1980, IX-196 - Feduccia, A., 1996: The Origin and Evolution of Birds.
–Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996, x-420 - Griffiths, C. S., Barrowclough, G. F., Groth, J. G. & Mertz, L. A., 2007: Phylogeny, diversity, and classification of the Accipitridae based on DNA sequences of the RAG-1 exon.
–Journal of Avian Biology: Vol. 38, #5, pp. 587-602 [doi: 10.1111/j.2007.0908-8857.03971.x] - Lerner, H. R. L., Klaver, M. C. & Mindell, D. P., 2008: Molecular phylogenetics of the buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae)
[Filogenética Molecular de las Aves de Presa Buteoninas (Accipitridae)].
–The Auk: Vol. 125, #2, pp. 304-315 [doi: 10.1525/auk.2008.06161] - Lerner, H. R. L. & Mindell, D. P., 2005: Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
–Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Vol. 37, #2, pp. 327-346 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010] - Lokki, J., Jännes, H. & Nikander, P. J., 1992: Otavan lintutieto.
–Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, Helsinki, Finland, 1992, pp. 1-440
Translated from: Perrins, C. M. (ed.), 1990: The Illustrated encyclopaedia of birds.
–Headline Book Publishing Plc., London, England, 1990 - Olson, S. L., 1985: The fossil record of birds. 79-239.
in Farner, D., King, J. & Parkes, K. (eds.), 1985: Avian Biology. vol VIII.
–Academic Press, New York. 1985. - Peterson, A. P., 2002-2004: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data of Birds. (Updated: 2004-12-24)
–iNet: Zoonomen Nomenclatural data: http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/frame.html; [visited: 2005-01-21] - Sibley, C. G. & Monroe, B. L., 1990: Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world.
–Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 1990. xxiv-1111.